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Saturday, April 26, 2014

အလြန္ေၾကာက္စရာေကာင္းတဲ့ ေလထဲမွာတင္ကူးစက္ႏိုုင္ေသာ Coronavirus ကူးဆက္ေရာဂါမ်ား

 AIDS ထက္ဆုိးတဲ့ Coronavirus!


အလြန္အႏၱရယ္မ်ားတတ္ေသာ အထူးသျဖင့္ မိမိတိုု႔သတိထားမမိဘဲ ရိုုးရိုုးျဖစ္ရိုုးျဖစ္စဥ္ဖ်ားနာတတ္ေသာ အိမ္ေမႊးတိရစာၦန္ေတြျဖစ္တဲ့ ၾကက္၊ေခြး၊ေၾကာင္၊ၾကြက္၊၀က္၊ျမင္း၊ၾကက္ဆင္ေတြ ကေနလဲကူးစက္တတ္ ပါသတဲ့ဗ်...
ဒီကိုုရိုုနာဗုုိလ္ယပ္ကူးဆက္ေရာဂါကႏွစ္ေပါင္း၇၀ ေလာက္ရွိပါၿပီ..၁၉၃၇ခုုႏွစ္မွာေရာဂါရွာေတြ႕ထားပါၿပီ.. ၂၀၁၂ခုုႏွစ္မွာေဆာ္ဒီအာေရ ဗီယား ကစၿပီး လူ ေသဆံုုးတာမ်ားလာေတာ့ လူသိျပန္မ်ားလာတာပါ...

 စကားေျပာရင္း-တေတြး-ေခ်ြးကေတာင္ကူးႏိုင္ၿပီး  SARS-CoVဆိုုရင္ ေလထုုထဲျပန္႔ႏွံ႕ကူးဆက္ႏိုုင္လိုု႔ အလြန္အႏၱရယ္မ်ားတာပါ..
ဒါေၾကာင့္ တကိုုယ္ရည္သန္႔ရွင္းေရးက အလြန္ အေရးႀကီးပါတယ္၊

Replication of Coronavirus begins with entry to the cell which takes place in the cytoplasm in a membrane-protected microenvironment. Upon entry to the cell the virus particle is uncoated and the RNA genome is deposited into the cytoplasm.
The Coronavirus genome has a 5’ methylated cap and a 3’polyadenylated tail. This allows the RNA to attach to ribosomes for translation.
Coronaviruses also have a protein known as a replicase encoded in its genome which allows the RNA viral genome to be transcribed into new RNA copies using the host cells machinery. The replicase is the first protein to be made; once the gene encoding the replicase is translated, the translation is stopped by a stop codon. This is known as a nestedtranscript. When the mRNA transcript only encodes one gene, it is monocistronic.
The RNA genome is replicated and a long polyprotein is formed, where all of the proteins are attached. Coronaviruses have a non-structural protein called a protease which is able to separate the proteins in the chain. This is a form of genetic economy for the virus allowing it to encode the greatest number of genes in a small number of nucleotides.

The infection cycle of coronavirus









မေလး၇ွားႏိုင္ငံသားတေယာက္ဟာ ေဆာ္ဒီအာေရဘီယား(Saudi Arabia)ကိုသြားျပီး နွစ္ပါတ္လည္ ဘာသာေရး စုေပါင္း ၀တ္ျပဳပြဲကို သြားခဲ ့ျပီးျပန္အလာမွာ.. ရုတ္တရက္ ေသဆံုးသြားခဲ့တယ္၊ သူျပန္လာတာမတ္လ ၂၉ရက္၊ေသဆံုးပံုက အလြန္ျမန္ျပီး ထူးဆန္း ေနတာေၾကာင့္၊.
.ေဆးရံုကေသဆံုးသူဟာ ဘာေၾကာင့္ေဆးကု ခ်ိန္ေတာင္ မမွီဘဲေသဆံုး ရလည္းဆိုျပီး စစ္ခ်က္ယူလိုက္မွ။
......
ေၾကာက္စရာအေကာင္းဆံုး ကိုရိုနာ ကူးဆက္ပိုးေၾကာင့္ဆိုတာ ၇ွာေတြ ့သြားေတာ့.... က်န္းမာေရးဌာနကအေရးေပၚတႏိုင္ငံလံုးေၾကျငာျပီး မကာကေန ဘာသာေရးပြဲသြား တဲ့သူေတြအားလံုးကို ေဆးစစ္ေနၾကျပီ၊ အရမ္းကူးဆက္ျမန္တဲ့ပိုးပါ ၊..ခုဆိုအမ်ားဆံုး အစၥလာမ္ႏိုင္ငံ(၁၁)ႏိုင္မွာ-

Jordan, Saudi Arabia , Qatar, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom , France, Germany, Italy, Tunisia , Oman and Kuwait by most patients in Saudi Arabia

ေရာဂါကူးဆက္ေနသူ ၉၀ ေလာက္ေသေနျပီ-၊ဒီမကာပြဲကေနကူးဆက္လာၾကတာမ်ားတယ္လို ့ ဆိုတယ္၊ဒီ (corona) ပိုးက၂၀၁၂ထဲက ေတြ ့ေနေပမယ့္.. ခုေလာက္ ကူဆက္မျမန္ေသးေတာ့ လူေတြသိတ္အေလးမထားၾကပါ။
ခုေတာ့ဒီပိုးက တဦးကေနတဦး..ကူးဆက္တာအလြန္လြယ္ ပါသတဲ့၊ စကားေျပာရင္း-တေတြး-ေခ်ြးကေတာင္ကူးႏိုင္ေတာ့ aids ေရာဂါထက္အဆေပါင္းမ်ား စြာ အႏၱရယ္ေပးႏိုင္ပါတယ္၊ ခုေသသြားတဲ့ မေလးရွားႏိုင္ငံသားကို ျပဳစုတဲ့ ဖိလစ္ပိုင္အိမ္ေဖၚကိုသူ ့ႏိုင္ငံက အေရးေပၚျပန္ ေခၚသြားျပီး အထူးစီမံထားတဲ့ဓါတ္ခြဲခန္းအတြင္းမွာေဆးစစ္ခံေနရျပီ။
ဒီေရာဂါပိုးမွန္း မသိတဲ့သူေတြက aids ထင္ျပီးေဆးရံုကိုျပရမွာရွက္ေတာ့ အိမ္ေဖၚေတြ-က်န္းမာေရး၀န္ထမ္းေတြနဲ ့တိတ္တိတ္ကုေတာ့ ပိုးဆိုးလာတာေပ့ါ။
ခုလိုေၾကာက္စရာကိုရိုနာ ကူးဆက္ပိုးကို မေလးကစေတြ ့သြားေတာ့ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံကပါ ေၾကာက္လန္ ့ လာျပီေလ၊ ထိုင္းကေနမကာကို သြားတဲ့ အစၥလာမ္ ဘာသာ၀င္(၁၀၀၀၀)ကိုဒီရက္ပိုင္းမွာဘဲ အားလံုးေဆးစစ္ဖို ့လုပ္ေနပါတယ္၊


ဒီေရာဂါလက္ခဏာကေတာ့ .....................................................................
မဖ်ားမက်ျဖစ္ေန-ေခ်ာင္းအလြန္ဆိုး-ကိုယ္အပူခ်ိန္တက္ျပီး -ကိုယ္တြင္းကေန အရည္ေတြ ထြက္လာ၊ အသက္ရွူလို ့လည္းမ၀နဲ ့ျဖစ္ေနရင္ အနားမွာေနတဲ့သူေတြ နွာေခါင္း အကာ တတ္ထားရမယ္၊ ေနာက္လက္ကိုအရက္ပ်ံနဲ ့မၾကာ ခဏေဆးေပးျပီး လူနာအ၀တ္ အစား အားလံုး-အသံုးအေဆာင္အားလံုး မသံုးမိဘို ့လိုပါတယ္။

မိမိတို ့ႏိုင္ငံတြင္းက မကာသြားျပီး ဟာဂ်ီဘြဲ ့ခံတဲ့ အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာ၀င္ေတြလည္း ေပါ့ေပါ့မေနၾကဘို ့ သတိေပးလိုက္ပါရေစ။။

BY min burma


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus

A Coronavirus was first isolated in 1937 - it was an avian infectious bronchitis virus which had (and still has) the ability to seriously devastate poultry stocks. According to the Health Protection Agency (HPA), UK, it can also infect the uro-genitcal tract of chickens, and eventually spread to various organs in its body. Over the last 70 years, scientists have found that related coronaviruses can infect mice, rats, dogs, cats, turkeys, horses, pigs and cattle.
Update: June 17th, 2013 - The Saudi Health Ministryannounced four more deaths from MERS-CoV, bringing the death toll in the country to 32. Thirty-seven people have died from MERS-CoV infection globally.


Scientists know of several coronavirus strains that can infect humans. One of the strains, known as SARS-CoV, is the one that causes SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). SARS is the most widely-reported coronavirus, alongside the "Novel Coronavirus" (also called Novel Coronavirus 2012, or London1_novel CoV 2012).

SARS-CoV is completely different from all other known coronaviruses - it is unique in that it can infect both the upper and lower respiratory tract - it can also cause gastroenteritis.

Human coronaviruses are said to account for between 10% and 30% of all common colds. Incidence of infection among humans is highest during the winter months as well as early spring. It is not uncommon for somebody to become ill with a coronavirus cold, and then to catch it again about four months later. Experts say this is because coronavirus antibodies do not last for very long - also, the antibodies for one coronavirus strain may be useless against other strains.

Scientists say the coronavirus' ability to mutate is what makes it so contagious.

Cold- or flu-like symptoms usually set in from two to four days after coronavirus infection, and they are typically mild.

Human coronaviruses cannot be cultivated in the laboratory easily, unlike the rhinovirus, another cause of the common cold. This makes it difficult to know what the coronavirus' impact is on national economies and public health.

What is the Novel coronavirus?

The Novel coronavirus (NCoV) is a new strain that emerged in 2012 in the Middle East. It was first discovered in early 2012 when a man in Saudi Arabia became ill with SARS-like symptoms - he subsequently died in June 2012. In September 2012, a patient from Qatar who had recently traveled to Saudi Arabia was transferred to the United Kingdom for treatment on September 11th; he suffered severe respiratory problems as well as renal failure. He is still being treated in the UK.

When samples from both the Qatari and Saudi patients were tested, scientists found that they had been infected with the same virus - the 'Novel coronavirus'.

NCoV is sometimes referred to as the "Saudi SARS" informally, in order to differentiate it from the SARS pandemic that occurred in 2002/2003 (Hong Kong/Canadian SARS).

In mid-November 2012, the HPA published the complete genome sequence for the first UK patient who was infected with NCoV. The Agency said that this will help researchers in their quest to determine the origin of the virus, its diversity, as well as developing strategies for prevention and treatment.

So far, the following countries have registered confirmed cases of infection with NCoV:
So far, the novel coronavirus has killed 50% of infected people globally; a much higher death rate than the 9.6% during the 2002/2004 SARS pandemic.

How is NCoV transmitted?

Health authorities and scientists do now know how widespread NCoV is. We know how one patient became infected (by catching it from another person), but nobody knows how the 11 others caught the virus.

Experts say that the 11 may have been infected by close contact with animals, people or a combination.

All the patients except one had been in the Middle East recently.

What are the signs and symptoms of NCoV infection?

According to WHO (World Health Organization), in confirmed cases of human illness, the most common signs and symptoms have been:
  • Acute serious respiratory illness
  • fever
  • shortness of breath
  • breathing difficulties
The infection generally presents as pneumonia. In some patients the novel coronavirus has caused kidney failure and death. WHO emphasizes that as there have been only a few cases so far, the features of the infection may change.

The novel coronavirus does not appear to transmit easily between people, which is a major difference from the SARS-CoV, which was much more human transmissible.

How many human coronaviruses do we know about?

During the SARS pandemic of 2002/2003, virologists became much more interested in coronaviruses. From the mid 1960s until 2002, we only knew about two coronaviruses - HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43.

Then SARS-CoV was discovered in 2002/2003, adding another human coronavirus to the list.

By the end of 2004, a fourth human coronavirus was discovered. As several labs discovered it, there has been some controversy regarding this fourth human coronavirus' name. Various research groups refer to it as NL63 (New Haven coronavirus).

In 2005, a fifth human coronavirus was discovered at the University of Hong Kong in two patients with pneumonia. They named it HKU1

In 2012, the Novel Coronavirus was discovered, as described earlier in this text. It is most commonly known asNCoV or Novel coronavirus 2012.

Another coronavirus was discovered in a patient who presented with pneumonia and renal (kidney) failure - known as HCoV-EMC/2012. Virologists say it is a close relative to the BtCoV-HKU4 ( Tylonycteris bat coronavirus) and BtCoV-HKU5 ( Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5), which prototype two species in lineage C of the genus Betacoronavirus.

The following human coronaviruses are known to virologists (February 19th, 2013):
  • HCoV-229E
  • HCoV-OC43
  • SARS-CoV
  • NL63/NL/New Haven coronavirus
  • HKU1-CoV
  • NCoV (Novel coronavirus 2012)
  • HCoV-EMC

SARS (SARS CoV)

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) was a contagious disease caused by SARS CoV (SARS coronavirus). It typically led to a life-threatening form of pneumonia. SARS started off in the Guangdong Province in southern China in November 2002. Eventually it reached Hong Kong, from where it rapidly spread around the world, infecting people in 37 countries.

During the epidemic (many called it a pandemic), there were 8,098 confirmed cases of SARS, 774 of them died - a death rate of 9.6%. Half of all infected people over the age of 65 years who became ill did not survive. It was eventually brought under control in July 2003. For more comprehensive information on SARS, go to"What is SARS? What are the symptoms of SARS?".

The virus, which can cause coughing, fever and pneumonia, has spread from the Gulf to France, Britain and Germany. The WHO has called it the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It is from the same viral family that triggered the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) that swept the world in late 2003 and killed 775 people.

About Coronavirus

Q:What are coronaviruses?

A: Coronaviruses are common viruses that most people get some time in their life. Human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses.
Coronaviruses are named for the crown-like spikes on their surface. There are three main sub-groupings of coronaviruses, known as alpha, beta and gamma, and a fourth provisionally-assigned new group called delta coronaviruses.
Human coronaviruses were first identified in the mid 1960s. The five coronaviruses that can infect people are: alpha coronaviruses 229E and NL63 and beta coronaviruses OC43, HKU1, and SARS-CoV, the coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Coronaviruses may also infect animals. Most of these coronaviruses usually infect only one animal species or, at most, a small number of closely related species. However, SARS-CoV can infect people and animals, including monkeys, Himalayan palm civets, raccoon dogs, cats, dogs, and rodents.

Q: How common are human coronavirus infections?

A: People around the world commonly get infected with human coronaviruses. However, one exception is SARS-CoV. Since 2004, there have not been any known cases of SARS-CoV infection reported anywhere in the world.

Q: Who can get infected?

A: Most people will get infected with human coronaviruses in their life time. Young children are most likely to get infected. However, you can have multiple infections in your life time. 

Q: How do I get infected?

A: The ways that human coronaviruses spread have not been studied very much, except for SARS. However, it is likely that human coronaviruses spread from an infected person to others through—
  • the air by coughing and sneezing, and 
  • close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands.
These viruses may also spread by touching contaminated objects or surfaces then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes.
In one case, the SARS virus was though to spread through infected stool that got into the air; people breathed this in and got infected.

Q: When can I get infected?

A: In the United States, people usually get infected with human coronaviruses in the fall and winter. However, you can get infected at any time of the year. 

Q: What are the symptoms?

A: Human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses of short duration. Symptoms may include runny nose, cough, sore throat, and fever. These viruses can sometimes cause lower-respiratory tract illnesses, such as pneumonia. This is more common in people with cardiopulmonary disease or compromised immune systems, or the elderly.
SARS-CoV can cause severe illness. To learn more, see Symptoms of SARS.

Q: How can I protect myself?

A: There are currently no vaccines available to protect you against human coronavirus infection.  You may be able to reduce your risk of infection by—
  • washing your hands often with soap and water,
  • not touching your eyes, nose, or mouth, and
  • avoiding close contact with people who are sick.
For information about hand washing, see CDC’s Clean Hands Save Lives!

Q: What should I do if I get sick?

A: If you have an illness caused by human coronaviruses, you can help protect others by—
  • staying home while you are sick, 
  • avoiding close contact with others,
  • covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, and
  • keeping objects and surfaces clean and disinfected.

Q: How do I get diagnosed?

A: Laboratory tests can be done to confirm whether your illness may be caused by human coronaviruses. However, these tests are not used very often because people usually have mild illness. Also, testing may be limited to a few specialized laboratories.
Specific laboratory tests may include:
  • virus isolation in cell culture,
  • polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays that are more practical and available commercially, and   
  • serological testing for antibodies to human coronaviruses.
Nose and throat swabs are the best specimens for detecting common human coronaviruses. Serological testing requires collection of blood specimens.

Q: Are there treatments?

A: There are no specific treatments for illnesses caused by human coronaviruses.
Most people with coronavirus illness will recover on their own. However, some things can be done to relieve your symptoms, such as—
  • taking pain and fever medications (Caution: Aspirin should not be given to children), and
  • using a room humidifier or taking a hot shower to help ease a sore throat and cough.
If you are sick, you should —
  • drink plenty of liquids, and
  • stay home and rest.
If you are concerned about your symptoms, you should see you healthcare provider.
Ref:http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/


Coronavirus The Luminous


Coronavirus The Luminous
Coronavirus The Luminous
DISEASE SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) with symptoms of fever over 38 degrees Celsius, coughing, shortness of breath and difficulty breathing by the World Health Organization, WHO, confirmed the cause is a virus Corona.
However, if a person with symptoms is still not suffering from SARS can be determined, as seen also factors other symptoms. Namely the existence of contact with SARS patients and no history of travel in SARS infected areas on X-ray and visible presence of pneumonia or Respiratory Distress Syndrome and accompanied by headache, muscular stiffness, loss of appetite, body weakness, no rash and diarrhea. When the symptoms of such a complete new person confirmed SARS terseranga and should be promptly addressed.
Corona Virus
Coronavirus, a genus which fall into two types of human serum. Ie, HCV-229E and HCV-OC43 that cause respiratory disease in humans. It is a form of pleomorphic virus with a diameter of 75-160 mm.
Form of the circuit is a single chain, bound to the RNA 27-33 kb, wrapped by a layer of width inherent in the lipoproteins and are pear-shaped peplomers in it. These particles pose a ray corona virus that makes a glowing appearance, in accordance with its name, Corona. Coronavirus is a family of Coronaviridae.
Strength
The virus is actually not so strong in a condition in some cases of the disease, so it does not pose a serious condition in a disease. In humans, the virus usually causes the common cold or the common cold.
But there can be a vicious or dangerous when the flu is not treated immediately with a perfect, allowing the occurrence of mutations and recombinant antigens of a gene. This may have occurred at about 15 percent of all flu cases.
Attack
Coronavirus attacked by infecting the upper respiratory tract and are transported through the respiratory system. The virus lives in the epithelium-epithelium in the upper respiratory tract and create an immune response that more and more decreased.
He can cause fever and flu is characterized by difficulty breathing through his nose and discomfort in the body, accompanied by fever or without fever and sore throat followed but did not hurt as much on the flu caused by rhinovirus.
After an incubation period of two to five days, Corona virus will be gone within a period of one week.
Prevention
There is no vaccination that can prevent attacks against coronavirus. Alpha interpheron administered intranasally or via the nose it can reduce the appearance of some symptoms and signs are there and can reduce the incidence of flu because the virus.
The best way, keep the best possible personal hygiene such as washing hands used always. Every day eat a green bean porridge mix of red sweet potatoes can also prevent SARS.
How to make the porridge, boil one quart of water until boiling. Then insert a handheld green beans. After a bit padded insert small pieces of red sweet potatoes and then put one ounce of brown sugar. (Ita-35)

Ref:http://anatopadhoe.wordpress.com/2011/10/12/coronavirus-the-luminous/
Credit @ Ko Nge

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