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Friday, May 31, 2013

စကာၤပူကအလုပ္သမားေတြရဲ႕ရပိုင္ခြင့္အခြင့္းေရးေတြကို သင္တို႔သိပါသလား?

 
Do you know the your medical leave issued?
 
စကာၤပူကအလုပ္သမားေတြရဲ႕ရပိုင္ခြင့္အခြင့္းေရးေတြပါ၊ ႏိုင္ငံျခားအလုပ္သမားအမ်ားစုေတြသိက်မွာ မဟုတ္က်ပါဘူးလို႔ထင္ပါတယ္၊ တခ်ိဳ႕ကန္ထ႐ိုက္စာခ်ဳပ္ထဲမွာမပါက်တဲ့အခ်က္တာေတြကိုယွဥ္ၾကည့္လို႔ရေအာင္တင္ေပးလို္က္တာပါ၊
အခုရက္ပိုင္းမွာအသိေတြႏွင့္စကားစပ္မိေျပာမိရင္းႏွင့္ hospitalization leaveက တလရတယ္ေျပာလို႔ မသိတာေတြရွိေနေသးတာဘဲဆိုၿပီး MOM webထဲ၀င္ၾကည္လို႔ေတြ႕ရွိရတဲ့ အခ်က္လက္ေတြကို တင္ေပး လိုက္ပါတယ္---
အခုလဲ ေရတိမ္ျဖစ္လို႔မ်က္စိခြဲထားတာႏွင့္  ခြင့္ရက္၂၀ (စေနတနဂၤေႏြရံုးပိတ္ရက္မပါ တစ္လ)တင္တာ စာခ်ဳပ္မွာက hospitalization leave ေဆးကုသခြင့္ရက္ေပါင္း၁၄ရက္(၂ပတ္)ဘဲရေတာ့ ပံုမွန္ခြင့္ ၆ရက္(တစ္ပတ္)ေလာက္ပါသြားတယ္ေလ၊
အခုလဲ ကုမၼဏီရဲ႕ အာမခံ AIA Insurance ကေန ေဆးရံုတက္ကုန္္က်ထားတာကိုက်န္တဲ့တ၀က္ကို  CPF Medi  Save က(Great eastern) က်ခံထားတာကို ျပန္ေတာင္းထားတာျပန္ရလုိ႔ပါဘဲ! (မွတ္ခ်က္-မိသားစုေပါင္း၀ယ္ထားတဲ့ NTUC INCOME Insurance ကေန တ၀က္ျပန္ေပးၿပီး ျဖစ္ပါတယ္)။ အခုဆို $ 3500 ေက်ာ္ေလာက္ကို တျပားတခ်ပ္မွာ မိမိမစိုက္လိုက္ရပါဘူး Insurance အာမခံေတြကေနအကုန္ျပန္ရ ပါတယ္...ႏို္င္ငံျခားသားသာဆိုရင္$20,000ေက်ာ္ေလာက္အသာေလးပါဘဲ! အခုမွာ CPF ရဲ႕အက်ိဳးခံစား ခြင့္ရတာပါ၊ CPF ေငြေတြျဖတ္တုံးက ႀကိမ္ဆဲထားကိုေနာင္တရသလိုပါဘဲ!ဟီးဟီး.....
ဟဲဟဲ! ေနာက္ဆက္တြဲမ်က္စိပါ၀ါခ်ိမ္းလို႔ မ်က္မွန္ကိုင္းအသစ္လုပ္ဖို႔ေငြေပၚျပန္ရသလိုပါဘဲေလ!
 
အခုလဲဘယ္လိုေဆးရံုေတြမွာ တက္ခြင့္ႏွင့္ medical certificates ေတြႏွင့္ ခြင့္ယူလို႔ရတာေတြ အမ်ားႀကီး ပါဘဲ...

Employment Practices


Labour RelationsBy balancing the interests of both employers and employees, we strive to maintain a harmonious industrial relationship. Visit the sections listed below for a better understanding of the state of labour relations in Singapore.

 

In this section

 
 

Leave & Holidays

Part Time Employment

Employment Related Services

Fair Employment

WorkPro

Work Life Harmony

Medical Benefits

Tripartism in Singapore

Trade Unions

International Labour Relations

Resources

Workplace Diversity Management

Best Sourcing

Community Engagement Programme at Workplaces

The Employment Act: Who it covers

Employment Act

Who is covered by the Employment Act

The Employment Act covers every employee (regardless of nationality) who is under a contract of service with an employer, except:
  1. Any person employed in a managerial or executive position
  2. Any seaman;
  3. Any domestic worker; and
  4. Any person employed by a Statutory Board or the Government.
Part IV of the Act, which provides for rest days, hours of work and other conditions of service, applies only to:
  1. Workmen earning not more than $4,500 basic monthly salaries and
  2. Employees earning not more than $2,000 basic monthly salaries.

Managers & executives

Managers and executives are employees with executive or supervisory functions. These functions include the authority to influence or make decision on issues such as recruitment, discipline, termination of employment, assessment of performance and reward, or involvement in the formulation of strategies and policies of the enterprise, or the management and running of the business.
They also include professionals with tertiary education and specialised knowledge/skills and whose employment terms are comparable to those of managers and executives. Professionals such as lawyers, accountants, dentists and doctors whose nature and terms of employment are comparable to executives would generally be deemed as such, and hence they would not be covered under the Act.
Junior managers and executives earning $4,500 basic monthly salary and below are only covered partially on the basic payment of salary. All other provisions do not apply to them.

Workmen

A workman is an employee whose work involves manual labour. This includes a worker who falls under any of the following categories:
  1. Any person, skilled or unskilled, doing manual work, including any artisan or apprentice but excluding any seaman or domestic servant;
  2. Any person, other than clerical staff, employed in the operation or maintenance of mechanically propelled vehicles that transport passengers, for hire or commercial purposes;
  3. Any person employed to supervise any workman and perform manual work. However, this is subject to the requirement that the time spent on manual work must be more than half of the total working time in a salary period; or
  4. Any person specified in the First Schedule of the Employment Act, namely:
    1. Cleaners;
    2. Construction workers;
    3. Labourers;
    4. Machine operators and assemblers;
    5. Metal and machinery workers;
    6. Train,bus, lorry and van drivers;
    7. Train and bus inspectors;and
    8. All workmen employed on piece rates at the employer's premises.
It covers both local and foreign employees. It does not make any distinction between a temporary employee, contract employee, daily-rated employee or employee on tenured employment.
For employees working less than 35 hours a week, they are covered by the Employment of Part-Time Employees Regulations, which provide certain flexibility for both the employers and employees, including the pro-rating of employment benefits, encashment of annual leave and provision of rest day.
 
An employee covered by the Employment Act is entitled to paid sick leave, including medical leave issued by a dentist if:


Sick Leave

Entitlement

An employee covered by the Employment Act is entitled to paid sick leave, including medical leave issued by a dentist if:
  1. The employee has served the employer for at least three months.
  2. The employee has informed or attempted to inform the employer of his/her absence within 48 hours. Otherwise, the employee will be deemed to be absent from work without permission or reasonable excuse.
  3. The sick leave is certified by the company's doctor, or by a government doctor (including doctors from approved public medical institutions).
However, where appointed company doctors are available, the employee should consult them unless the clinics are inconveniently located or in emergency situations.

The employer has the discretion to accept medical certificates from:
  • A private doctor; or
  • A traditional Chinese medical practitioner.
The approved public medical institutions are:
  1. Alexandra Hospital
  2. Changi General Hospital
  3. Institute of Mental Health / Woodbridge Hospital
  4. Jurong Medical Centre
  5. KK Women's and Children's Hospital
  6. Khoo Teck Puat Hospital
  7. National Cancer Centre
  8. National Dental Centre
  9. National Heart Centre
  10. National Neuroscience Institute
  11. National Skin Centre
  12. National University Hospital
  13. NHG Eye Institute
  14. Singapore General Hospital
  15. Singapore National Eye Centre
  16. Tan Tock Seng Hospital
  17. The Cancer Institute
  18. The Heart Institute
  19. All polyclinics under the National Healthcare Group
  20. All polyclinics under the Singapore Health Services.
The number of days of paid sick leave a new employee is entitled to depends on his service period:
No of months of service completed of a new employeePaid Outpatient non-hospitalisation leave (days)Paid hospitalisation leave (days)*
3 months515
4 months5 + 3 = 815 + 15 = 30
5 months8 + 3 = 1130 + 15 = 45
6 months11 + 3 = 1445 + 15 = 60
thereafter1460
* An employee is deemed to be hospitalised if he/she is certified by a doctor to be in need of hospitalisation. He does not necessarily have to be warded in a hospital.

Limit on total number of paid sick leave

The amount of paid outpatient and hospitalisation sick leave that an employee can take is capped at his sick leave entitlement.
For example, if an employee has already taken 14 days of outpatient sick leave in that year, the number of days of hospitalisation sick leave that he can take is 46 days (60 – 14 = 46). Likewise, for those in their 3rd, 4th and 5th month of service, the total number of days of sick leave is also capped at the respective hospitalisation leave entitlements.

Reimbursement of medical expenses

If an employee has worked for at least three months, his employer is legally obliged to bear the medical consultation fee. For other medical costs, such as medication, treatment or ward charges, the employer is obliged to bear such costs depending on the medical benefits provided for in the employee's employment contract or the collective agreement signed between the company with its union.

Salary to employees on sick leave

If an employee is on paid hospitalisation leave, his employer has to pay him at his gross rate of pay. If an employee is on paid outpatient sick leave, his employer has to pay him at his gross rate of pay excluding any shift allowance.
The Tripartite Review Committee on the Employment Act has recommended that shift allowance be payable under extenuating circumstances. For shift allowances which has all along been given on a monthly basis, and no deduction has been made for absence due to outpatient sick leave, such payment should continue to be paid unless the employer and the employee or the trade union representing the employees have negotiated and agreed to make variations to the existing arrangement.

Sick leave on rest days, public holidays, non-working days, and during annual leave & no-pay leave

An employee is not entitled to paid sick leave on the following occasions, even if he is given a medical leave by the doctor.
  • Rest days
  • Public holidays
  • Non-working days
  • During annual leave
  • During no-pay leave
This is because the employee is not required to report for work on these days and there is therefore no necessity for him to apply for sick leave to stay away from work. However, he is entitled to claim for the medical consultation fee. His entitlement to claim for other medical expenses would depend on the medical benefits provided in his employment contract or the collective agreement signed between the company and its union.

If an employee falls sick on a half working day (e.g. Saturday)

Sick leave taken on a half working day (e.g. Saturday) should be considered as one day's sick leave.

If an employee falls sick while on annual leave

If an employee falls sick on his annual leave, his absence from work would still be treated as annual leave and not sick leave. However, his employer may cancel his annual leave and as a concession, allow him to take sick leave instead.

If an employee runs out of sick leave

If an employee is sick but has used up his/her sick leave entitlement, the employer can:
  1. Allow the employee to go on extended no-pay leave for an agreed period;
  2. Make other working arrangements that are acceptable to both parties such as re-assigning the employee's duties; or
  3. Obtain a medical assessment of the employee's suitability for continued employment.

    If the employee is certified unfit for continued employment, the employer can terminate his/her services. In such a situation, the contract is deemed to be frustrated The employer can compensate the employee:
    • Based on what is provided for in the employment contract; or
    • By making an ex-gratia payment to him/her on goodwill basis.
     

Portable Medical Benefits for Employees

In a volatile business environment, an employee can expect to change employers more frequently in his working life. With each change, the employee may lose his medical benefits provided by the respective employer. The tripartite partners have been encouraging employers to enhance the portability of inpatient/hospitalisation medical benefits. To incentivise employers to make the move, the Government has revised the tax policy to allow employers implementing any of the following three portable medical benefits options to enjoy higher tax deduction for medical expenses of up to 2% of total employees’ remuneration (the normal tax deduction limit is 1%):
OptionsSummary of main features
a) Portable Medical Benefits Scheme (PMBS)
  • Employer makes additional contribution (at least 1% of gross monthly salary, subject to a minimum contribution of $16 per month) to employees’ Medisave account every month.
  • Employees will use the Medisave contribution to purchase Medishield or Medisave-approved medical insurance to cover their inpatient needs. Information on such insurance is available at the MOH website.
b) Transferable Medical Insurance Scheme (TMIS)
  • An enhanced group hospitalisation & surgical insurance purchased by employer.
  • It offers extension of inpatient coverage up to a maximum period of 12 months when an employee leaves employment.
  • Employee covered under TMIS plans will be treated as continuously insured when he joins a new employer who has also purchased a TMIS plan. An employee will not be excluded from coverage even if he has a pre-existing illness before joining the new employer.
c) Provision of Shield plan (i.e. MediShield or Medisave-approved private integrated plan)
  • Employer provides inpatient medical benefits in the form of Shield plan to his employees.
  • Employer, after deciding his choice of Shield plan, may pay the premium of the chosen Shield plan (e.g. Enhanced IncomeShield Basic Plan) on behalf of his employees directly to the insurance company or reimburse the amount of premium into his employees’ Medisave accounts.
  • If an employee has already bought a Shield plan provided by other insurance company (e.g. AIA HealthShield) and does not want to change his plan, employer can simply credit the amount of premium of the Shield plan the company has chosen (e.g Enhanced IncomeShield Basic Plan) into the employee’s Medisave account.

Qualifying conditions for 2% tax deduction limit

Employers implementing PMBS

Employer should implement PMBS for at least 20% of the local employees1 employed by him as at the first day of the financial year being assessed and all local employees who commence their employment during that financial year.
For full time employees, the additional monthly contribution to Medisave account should be of at least 1% of an employee's gross monthly salary, subject to a minimum amount of $16 per calendar month.
For part-time employees2 , the additional monthly Medisave contribution should be computed based on 1% of their actual gross salary for the calendar month.

Employers implementing TMIS

Employer should implement TMIS for at least 50% of local employees employed by him as at the first day of the financial year being assessed.

Employers providing Shield Plan

Employer should provide Shield plan for at least 20% of the local employees employed by him as at the first day of the financial year being assessed and all local employees who commence their employment during that financial year; and
Employer should pay Shield plan premium on behalf of his employees direct to the insurance company or reimburse the premium into his employees’ Medisave accounts.

1 Local employees refer to Singapore citizens or PRs employed on a full time or part-time contract of employment, regardless of the number of hours worked.
2 The definition of part time employees will follow that in the Employment Act.

Encouraging employers to make ad-hoc Medisave contribution

To encourage employers to make ad-hoc Medisave contribution as and when they can afford it, additional tax deduction beyond the 1% limit will be allowed for the amount of ad-hoc Medisave contributions made, even if employers are not adopting any of the portable medical benefits Options (i.e. PMBS, TMIS or provision of Shield plan). The total tax deduction for medical expenses will be subject to the overall cap of 2%.

Additional Medisave Contribution and Tax Exemption for Employees

To cater for the additional Medisave contribution under PMBS, Provision of Shield plan and ad-hoc contribution, the limit of additional Medisave contribution has been raised to $1,500 per year. The tax exemption limit for employees for additional Medisave contribution is $1,500 per year.

Administrative requirements

An employer who wishes to make additional Medisave contribution for his employees may register with the Employer Registration Section of CPF Board for a new CPF Submission Number (CSN).

Frequently Asked Questions

Please refer to the set of pdfFrequently Asked Questions for more information on Portable Medical Benefits for Employees.

Enquiries

Enquiries can be made with:
  • Ministry of Manpower at 6438 5122.
  • CPF Employee Call Centre at 1800-2271188.
  • Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore at 1800-3568300 (individual income tax), 1800-3568622 (corporate income tax) and 1800-3568611 (business income tax)
http://www.mom.gov.sg/Documents/employment-practices/al-and-sl-revised.pdf



ဒါကတျခား၀တ္လ္ဆိုဒ္ NTUC က အေမးအေျဖေလးေတြကိုလဲ ဖတ္ၾကည့္လိုက္ပါသိသင့္တယ္ထင္လို႔ တင္ေပးလိုက္ပါတယ္ သိခ်က္တဲ့အခ်က္ေလးေတြရွိပါလိမ့္မယ္တင္ပါတယ္.....

http://members.ntuc.org.sg/auntiris/view_answer.asp?Page=8&category=8

Query on Benefit


Question Posted On: 14/08/2008 14:01:03

Question: Hi,
Our company provide all employees in Singapore a hospitalization and surgical
insurance which includes their non-working spouses and children under the age of 21 as
long as attending school or Polytechnic or Institute of Technical Education (ITE) or Junior
College. If the child is in NS this year but will continue with studies after NS, does the company have to cover him during his NS days and if he is below 21 after NS, does the company need to cover him?

Thanks to advise,
Esther TEO
Esther TEO

Answer: Ref: MT Hi Esther, Thank you for your email. Employees' medical benefits vary from one company to another. May we suggest that you check with your employer the details of the terms and conditions contained in your hospitalization and surgical insurance policy provided by your employer....Read More>


Question Posted On: 05/08/2008 15:37:44

Question: The MOM employment act only protect those earning 1600 and below. My whole office, everyone is earning above that amount. A simple thing like gazetted PH that falls on a saturday we do not get. Its fustrating that my HR keep using the MOM against us. SOBS!


Answer: Ref : AW Hi Hui Li, Thanks for your email. Employees who earn more than $1600 are not covered under Part IV of the Employment Act. Thus granting off in lieu for a Public Holiday falling on a Saturday is subject to company's policy. While...Read More>


Question Posted On: 01/08/2008 10:03:17

Question: Hi,
I would like to know an employee entitlement to Hospitalisation leave. If she was granted hospital leave and after she was discharged from the hospital, the doctor still issued her hospitalisation leave citing that she is required to still receive doctor treatment but are allowed to be discharged and rest at home, is that still considered as HL or outpatient sick leave?
Thank you.


Answer: Ref: MM Hi Mariana Thank you for your email. If the medical certificate clearly states that an employee is granted hospitalization leave, most companies do treat that as hospitalization leave despite the fact that the employee is recuperating at home and not in the hospital. However, each company...Read More>


Question Posted On: 23/07/2008 19:30:15

Question: due to my work i have health problems which leads to medical mc to be taken


Answer: Re: TC Thank you for you email. We are unable to ascertain your query. Would you be able to provide us with more details in order for us to respond? Regards


Question Posted On: 21/07/2008 13:19:00

Question: Dear Aunt IRIS,

My cousin's wife whose nationality is Thai and she is a SPR since 25 August 2005. They have 2 children aged 3 years old and the other 7 months. She started working on 3 March 2006 in Sheng Siong Supermarket Pte Ltd.

Recently she wanted to apply Childcare Leave from the company but was told that they do not have any Childcare Leave entitlement benefit to employees. So she wrote to MOM to enquire and after MOM replied she printed out the replied and the rules and regulations from MOM about the Childcare Leave to her company. But they just tell her off that she can complain to MOM if she wants because she is not entitled to the childcare leave.

Is it true that she does not entitled to? Can the employer dismiss her after her complaint to MOM?



Answer: Ref: PC Hi Sim Thank you for your email. Employees who are covered under the Employment Act will be entitled to 2 days of statutory employer-paid childcare leave per year if they have any child under the age of 7 years. Regardless of the number of children, total childcare leave for each parent...Read More>


Question Posted On: 17/07/2008 12:00:05

Question: Dear Sir/Madam,

Currently I am working in A company which was referred by agent. The agent required me to sign agreement letter with them after I accepted offer from company A. Is it fair for me? I do not feel it is fair because the agent want me to sign after I accept the offer. I refused to sign the agreement because in the event I want to resign within 3 month I need to pay them 80% my salary, it is not a fair clause for me. May I know, what is your opinion?

What I scared it happened now, after one month join with A company I found out that company are going to restructuring. I do not feel comfortable with what going on with the company and I decided to leave but now the agent ask me to pay 80% of my salary then I can leave the company if not I need to serve 90 days before I can tender. Currently, I have new offer from other company and require me to start work immediately. I am confused now because I do not willing to pay the agent since indirectly she has cheated me which ask me to sign the agreement letter with them after I accept the offer.




Answer: Ref: MM Hi Susan Thank you for your email. From what you have mentioned in your email, the moment you accepted the offer from company A referred by the agent, it is based on the understanding and agreement that you will need to pay 80% of your salary if you resign within...Read More>


Question Posted On: 11/07/2008 10:10:29

Question: Hi Aunt I.R.I.S

Good day!
I have enquiries on contract and notice.
I am under a 90 day s contract with a recruitment agency and these 90 days cover my probation period as well. Contract written - If I fail to report for work or resign within 90 days (from commencement date-5 May 08), I shall pay 80% of my offered monthly gross salary to the agency. The 90th day falls in Aug 2. First situation - can I tender in middle of July or end of July and work till (notice period) the termination of the contract (Aug 2)? Will there be a breach of contract? Second situation - tender only on the 91th day which is Aug 3. As Aug 3 is a sunday, can I hand over the letter on Aug 1?

About notice period. Appointment letter wrote that my benefit plans will details in the company Rules of Employment as well as the local employment terms and conditions. You will be subjected to a three-month probation period where your performance will be assessed and upon successful completion, a confirmation letter will be issued to you.

Other than that nothing else is written in the employment letter. Benefit plans and notice period did not state in the contract or verbally told me too. I assume local employment terms and conditions refer to Ministry of Manpower terms and conditions right? Accordingly to it, if no notice period written in the employment letter or no verbally told, I am entitled to a day notice right? By the way, my pay is more than 1.6K.

Hope to hear some comments from you and sorry for long question.

Thanks you



Answer: Ref: MM Hi Na Thank you for your email. Since the contract is time-specific [ie. 90 days ending on 2 Aug 08], there may not be any need for any termination notice if you work up to and including the 2 Aug 08. Under Section 9(1) of the Employment Act, the contract...Read More>


Question Posted On: 08/07/2008 11:24:12

Question: My husband was recently admited and hospitalised for Minor Stroke . Upon discharged, he was granted hospitalisation Leave.

After which at the review, he was granted another 2 weeks leave but the MC states as Outpatient Leave. Is this considered as hospitalisation or as outpatient leave.



Answer: Re:TC Hi Thank you for the email. If the medical certificate grants outpatient leave, it should be considered as outpatient and not hospitalisation leave. However, please check with his employer, as different companies may have different practices for employees who needs more time to recuperate. Rgds


Question Posted On: 04/07/2008 11:33:08

Question: Just want to know if this policy is fair to employee. Having abdominal problem for past 6mths. Company doctor send for further investigation to Poly. Poly doctor send me for an X-ray & Ultra sound. My xray results shows no abnormality. Still waiting for my ultra sound result. My company policy state that I cannot claim for my X-ray fees because, there were no problem with it & no follow up treatment. I was also told that if my ultra sound result also shows no abnormality, I cannot claim for that either. This scenario is stipulated our company policy as follows. Under the Exclusion claws: "investigation for the primary purpose of diagnosis".
My question. If the company doctor sees a reason to send me for further investigation, is it my fault that the test show no abnomality & I have to pay for all the charges? Thank you


Answer: Re: TC Hi Thank you for your email. From what I have read in your email, I am afraid that your medical benefits are clearly stated in your company policy. You may want to consider appealing to your company to help you bear some of your medical costs. Rgds


Question Posted On: 03/07/2008 17:57:29

Question: Hi Aunt Iris,

My contract states that I am liable for damage if my service is terminated before 1 year due to:
1) Resignation initiated by me
2) Dismissal by company due to professional misconduct

I want to know whether the termination date is the date that I submitted my resignation notice, or the last day of work (which is after a 1-month notice period)

Thanks


Answer: Ref: MM Hi Yoezer Thank you for your email. From what you have written, this termination date should be the day you hand in your resignation notice. Regards



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Thursday, May 30, 2013

စာအုပ္ေပ်ာက္တာေတာ္ေတာ္ဆိုးတာဘဲ.၂လေလာက္ၾကာပါတယ္ စာအုပ္ကိုျမန္မာျပည္ကျပည္ထဲေရးကိုျပန္ပို႔ေနရလို႔တဲ့ဗ်ာ.ရေတာ့လဲ အစဆံုးျပန္လုပ္ရပါတယ္တေန႔ကုန္ပါဘဲ၊ ကုန္သြားတဲ့ေငြအလွဴေပးသလိုပါဘဲ...ဟိုနား၁၀ဒီနား၂၀
ႏွင့္စာအုပ္ေပ်ာက္ဒဏ္ေၾကး၄၅၀+သက္တမ္းတိုး၁၅၀+အခြန္ေႂကြးက်န္ေတြ၂၀၁၁ၾသဂုတ္လ၁၈ရက္ထိ၁၀%ႏႈံး$၁၂၀ ႏွင့္၁၉-၃၀ရက္ထိ$၈၀ ၂၀၁၁စက္တင္ဘာလေနာက္ပိုင္းယခုထိ၂%နႈံး$၂၄ႏႈန္းထားေပးရပါတယ္၊
ဒီသံရုံးမွာဘဲတိုကင္ယူတာပိုျမန္သလိုပါဘဲမနက္၉နာရီမွာတန္းစီတိုကက္ယူၿပီးေကာင္တာ ၃မွာ စာရြက္စာတမ္းစ္ေဆးခ$၁၀+ေကာင္တာ၁မွာဖိုင္တြဲခ+ဓာတ္ပံု႐ိုက္ခ$၂၀ႏွင့္အခြန္ေဆာင္ဖို႔တြက္ခေပးရေသးတယ္ဗ်ာမၾကားဖူးဘူးထူးထူဆန္းဆန္းကိုေကာင္တာ၅/၆မွာလဲေနာက္က်ဒဏ္ေၾကးဆိုၿပီး$၃၀ကိုၾကံဖန္ေကာက္ေသးတယ္ဗ်၊ေပါင္း$၆၀ေလာက္မနက္ပိုင္းတင္ကုန္ၿပီး အရင္တုန္းကမရွိမၾကားဘူတာေတြပါ၊အေၾကာင္းအမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးျပၿပီးေတာင္းေတာ့တာပါဘဲ၊အံ့ၾသေလာက္ေပရဲ႕၊
မၿပီေသးတဲ့ညေနဖက္၃နာရီမွာတႏွစ္စာေႂကြးက်န္အခြန္ေဆာင္လိုက္ရၿပီးႏွင့္ညေန၅နာရီမွာ
စာအုပ္ေပ်ာက္သက္တန္းတိုးခ$၆၀၀ေတြကိုလဲ ေပးလိုက္ရပါတယ္$၁၇၀၀ေလာက္ျပဳတ္သြားတယ္ေလ..
Apple Mac Pro ၀ယ္ဖို
ဒီလိုေပးေဆာင္ရတဲ့အဆင့္ဆင္႔ေတြကိုတေန႔ကုန္ျဖတ္ေက်ာ္ရပါတယ္ ရွားမွရွား အလွဴခံပြဲေလးပါေနာ္ ေျပာေတာ့ ဘုရားတရားေခြေလးေဟာလို႔ဗုဒဘာသာအႏုနည္းအလွဴခံေလးပါဘဲ..
ေအး!ဒီလိုမခံႏိုင္ရင္ အျပာကေနအနီကိုခ်ိမ္းေပါ့လို႔ေျပာမွာဘဲ...

Monday, May 27, 2013

ဘ၀မွာ အခ်ိန္တစ္နာ၇ီေလာက္ပိုအိပ္ရင္ ဘာေတြေၿပာင္းလဲနုိင္သလဲ

Myanmar Online News-Sunday, May 26, 2013

ကြ်မ္းက်င္သူေတြကေတာ့ ဘဝ မွာအခိ်န္တစ္နာရီ ပိုအိပ္ရံုျဖင့္ ေျပာင္း လဲနိုင္တာေတြဟာ အမ်ားျကီးပါလို့ ေျဖခဲ့ပါတယ္။ အခိ်န္တစ္နာရီပို၍ အိပ္စက္ရံုျဖင့္ သင့္ရဲ့က်န္းမာေရး၊ ကိုယ္အေလးခိ်န္ ၊အိမ္ေထာင္ေရးသာ ယာမႈတို့အေပၚ သက္ေရာက္မႈရိွပါ တယ္။ တကယ္လို့သင့္ရဲ့အခိ်န္ဟာ (၇)နာရီနဲ့ (၈)နာရီေအာက္ေရာက္ေန ရင္ေတာ့ေအာက္မွာ ကြန္ပူ်တာေစာ ေစာပိတ္ျပီး ေစာေစာအိပ္သင့္တဲ့အ ေျကာင္းျပခ်က္ (၉)မို်းကိုေဖာ္ျပလိုက္ ပါတယ္။


(၁) လံုေလာက္စြာ အိပ္စက္ျခင္းက က်န္းမာေရးကို ပိုေကာင္းေစတယ္

လံုေလာက္စြာမအိပ္သူေတြမွာ ေသြးတိုး၊ ဆီးခို်၊ ကိုယ္အေလးခိ်န္တိုး ျခင္း နွလံုးေရာဂါစတဲ့ ဆိုးဝါးတဲ့ေရာ ဂါေတြ ပိုျဖစ္ေလ့ရိွတယ္လို့ ဆိုပါ တယ္။ ေလ့လာမႈတစ္ခုအရ ေန့ဆိုင္း အလုပ္ဆင္းသူ က်န္းက်န္းမာမာ အလုပ္သမားလူငယ္ (၁ဝ)ဦးကို ည တိုင္းဆင္းခိုင္းျပီးရက္အနည္းငယ္ျကာ ေသာအခါ ထိုသူတို့၏ေသြးတြင္း သျကားဓာတ္မွာ ဆီးခို်ျဖစ္ခါနီး လူ တစ္ေယာက္ရဲ့သျကားဓာတ္နီးပါးျမင့္ တက္ေနေျကာင္းေတြ့ရပါတယ္။

(၂) လံုေလာက္စြာအိပ္စက္ျခင္းက အိပ္ေထာင္ေရးသုခပိုရနိုင္

National Sleep Founda tion မွ ေျပာျပခ်က္အရ လူအားလံုးရဲ့ ၂၆%ဟာအိပ္ေရးမဝဘဲ ပင္ပန္းနြမ္း နယ္ေနမႈေျကာင့္ အိမ္ေထာင္ေရး သုခလံုေလာက္စြာမရေျကာင္း ေတြ့ရ တယ္။ အိပ္ခိ်န္လံုေလာက္စြာ မရ ေသာသူမ်ားတြင္ testosterone ဟုေခၚသည့္ လိင္နွင့္ပတ္သက္ေသာ hormone က်လာေျကာင္းလည္း သိရပါတယ္။

(၃) အိပ္စက္ျခင္းျဖင့္ နာက်င္မႈေဝ ဒနာမ်ားကို သက္သာေစနိုင္

တကယ္လို့မ်ား သင့္မွာ လတ္ တေလာဒါမွမဟုတ္ ယခင္ရရိွခဲ့ေသာ ဒဏ္ရာတစ္ခုခုေျကာင့္ နာက်င္မႈ ေဝဒနာခံစားေနရတယ္ဆိုရင္ အိပ္ ေပ်ာ္ေအာင္သာအိပ္လိုက္ပါ။ အိပ္စက္ျခင္းျဖင့္ နာက်င္မႈေဝဒနာ ခံစားရမႈေလ်ာ့နည္းလာေျကာင္းကို ေလ့လာမႈတြင္အမ်ားျကီး လုပ္ျပီး သက္ေသျပခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ကံမေကာင္းစြာဘဲ နာက်င္ေနျခင္းက အိပ္စက္ျခင္းကို အေနွာင့္အယွက္ေပး ပါတယ္။

(၄) လံုေလာက္စြာအိပ္စက္ျခင္းက မေတာ္တဆထိခိုက္ဒဏ္ရာရမႈကိုလည္း ေလ်ာ့က်ေစနိုင္

US Institute of Medicine မွ ေလ့လာမႈတစ္ခုအရ ွ့ တြင္ ယာဥ္တိုက္မႈ(၅)မႈျဖစ္တိုင္း (၁)မႈမွာ အိပ္ေရးမဝသည့္အတြက္ေျကာင့္ ျဖစ္္ရသည္ဟုသိရပါတယ္။

(၅) အိပ္ေရးဝလွ်င္ တက္တက္ၾကြၾကြ ရိွေစပါတယ္။

အိပ္ေရးဝဝအိပ္တဲ့ေန့တိုင္း စိတ္ ခ်မ္းသာဖြယ္ရာ တက္တက္ၾကြၾကြ ရိွလိမ့္မယ္လို့ေတာ့ အာမခံနိုင္ေပမယ့္ အိပ္ေရးမဝလွ်င္ေတာ့ စိတ္တိုလြယ္၊ ေဒါသထြက္လြယ္တယ္ဆိုတာ သတိ ထားမိမွာပါ။ သင့္ရဲ့ သူေဌးကို စိတ္မ ထိန္းနိုင္ဘဲ နင္ပဲငဆျပန္ေျပာမိတာ မို်းေတြ၊ စိတ္ကိုထိန္းခု်ပ္ရခက္ခဲတာ မို်းေတြဟာ အိပ္ေရးမဝတဲ့ေန့ေတြမွာ ပိုျဖစ္တတ္ပါတယ္။

(၆) အိပ္ေရးဝဝအိပ္ျခင္းက ကိုယ္အ ေလးခိ်န္ထိန္းနိုင္

အိပ္ေရးဝဝအိပ္လွ်င္ ကိုယ္အ ေလးခိ်န္ ထိန္းနိုင္ပါတယ္။ အျပန္အ လွန္အားျဖင့္ေကာင္းေကာင္းမအိပ္တဲ့ သူေတြမွာ ကိုယ္အေလးခိ်န္ပိုတိုးတတ္ ပါတယ္။ ဘာေျကာင့္လဲ။

(က) သင္ပင္ပန္းတဲ့ေန့ေတြမွာ ပင္ပန္း တာကိုေျပေပ်ာက္ေစရန္ အရသာရိွတဲ့ အစားအစာေတြကို ပိုစားျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
(ခ) Leptin ဆိုတဲ့ hormone က ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို့ရဲ့ အစာစားခ်င္စိတ္ကို တင္းတိမ္ေစရန္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ေပးပါ တယ္။

တကယ္လို့အိပ္ေရးဝဝမအိပ္ ထားတဲ့ သူေတြမွာေတာ့ Leptin ပမာဏက်သြားပါတယ္။ ဒါေျကာင့္ အိပ္ေရးမဝပင္ပန္းေနတဲ့လူေတြဟာ တင္းတိမ္တယ္မရိွဘဲအဆက္မျပတ္ အဆီမ်ားတဲ့အစာေတြ၊ကယ္လိုရီမ်ားတဲ့ အစာေတြ စားေလ့ရိွပါတယ္။

(၇) အေတြးအေခၚမ်ားကို ပိုျကည္ လင္ေစ

အိပ္ေရးပ်က္ျခင္းက သင့္ရဲ့ အေတြးအေခၚ၊ သင္ယူနိုင္စြမ္း၊ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ရမႈတို့အေပၚမွာ သက္ ေရာက္မႈရိွပါတယ္။

(၈) မွတ္ဉာဏ္ပိုေကာင္းေစနိုင္

သင္ခဏခဏေမ့တတ္ေနျပီး လား၊ အဲဒါဆိုရင္ေတာ့ ကိုယ့္ရဲ့အိပ္ ေရးပ်က္ခံတတ္တဲ့ အက်င့္ကို အရင္ ဆံုးအျပစ္တင္လိုက္ပါ။ ေလ့လာမႈ တစ္ခုအရအိပ္ေပ်ာ္ေနစဥ္မွာကြ်န္ေတာ္ တို့ဦးေနွာက္ကေန့ခင္းကျဖစ္ပ်က္ခဲ့တဲ့ အျဖစ္အပ်က္ေတြကို စနစ္တက်သို ေလွာင္ေပးပါတယ္၊၊အိပ္ေရးပ်က္သူေတြ မွာေတာ့ဦးေနွာက္ကေကာင္းေကာင္းသို ေလွာင္ခိ်န္မရိွတဲ့အတြက္ မွတ္Óဏ္ ကိုက်ေစနိုင္ပါတယ္။

(၉) ခုခံအားစနစ္ကိုအားေပးပါတယ္

ေလ့လာမႈအေသးစားတစ္ခု တြင္ လူ(၁၅ဝ)ဦးအား နွစ္ပတ္ျကာ သူတို့ရဲ့ အိပ္စက္မႈကိုေစာင့္ျကည့္ျပီး ထိုသူမ်ားအား အေအးမိျခင္းျဖစ္ေစ သည့္ Cold Virus နွင့္ ထိေတြ့ေစ သည့္အခါ တစ္ညလွ်င္ ည၇နာရီသာ အိပ္ေသာသူမ်ားသည္ ၈နာရီအိပ္ ေသာသူမ်ားထက္ အေအးမိျခင္း ျဖစ္နိုင္ေခ်သံုးဆခန့္ပိုမ်ားေျကာင္း ေတြ့ရပါတယ္။ ဒီေလ့လာမႈက ေသး ငယ္တဲ့အျပင္ တရားဝင္ထုတ္လႊင့္ဖို့ ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ ေလ့လာမႈေတြအမ်ားျကီး လုပ္ဖို့လိုပါေသးတယ္။

အဝင္း
WMD
Ref:myanmaronlinenews



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ေခတ္မွီလာေသာ ေရႊမမေလးေတြဇယားေလးေတြ!

Credir@ Ko Nge

စကာၤကူကေရႊမမေလးေတြရဲ႕ျဖစ္ရပ္မွန္ဇာတ္လမ္းေလးေတြပါ...
မႏွစ္က ျမန္မာျပည္နယ္က အသိေတြလာလည္တုန္းက ေမးတဲ့ေမးခြန္းေလးေတြကိုၾကည့္လိုက္ၿပီး
လန္႔သြားရပါတယ္ေလ? ေမးလိုက္ေမးခြန္းကလဲၾကည့္ပါအံုး? ဘယ္ကေနဘယ္လိုၾကားလဲမသိပါဘူး!
"မင္းတို႔ေရႊမမေလးေတြေခတ္ေနာက္က်တယ္လို႔ဘယ္သူေတြေျပာလဲ? 
အဲဒီလိုေျပာတဲ့လူေတြဘဲေခတ္ ေနာက္က်ေနတာပါတဲ့ေလ?"
ကၽႊန္ေတာ္ျပန္ေျပာပါတယ္ ေတာကေနၿမိ္ဳ႕တက္ ၿမိဳ႕ငယ္ကေနၿမိဳ႕ႀကီးျပႀကီးတက္သလိုပါဘဲလို႔! ႀကီးလွတဲ့လူေနမႈစရိပ္ေတြကို ကုိယ္ေျခေထာက္ေပၚကိုယ္ရပ္ၿပီး ရွာေဖြစားေသာက္ေနက်ရလို႔ပါဘဲ!
ေကာင္းတာေတြလုပ္ရွားေနတဲ့သူေတြရွိသလို မဟုတ္တရုတ္ေတြလုပ္ေနတဲ့သူေတြလဲရွိက်ပါတယ္လို႔ ျပန္ေျပာလိုက္ရပါတယ္! ဘာျဖစ္လိုလဲဆိုေတာ့ သူတို႔ရဲ႕ခေလးေတြ (ျမန္မာျပည္ဘြဲ႔ရ) ဒီမွာPoly ေက်ာင္းလာတက္ေနက်တယ္ေလ! ဒါကိုစိတ္မခ်လို႔ေမးတာလဲပါမွာေပါ့! ဒါေတာင္သူမတို႔ ဒီမွာ ဘဲဘဲေလး ေတြရသြားက်ပါၿပီး ဒီထက္သာတဲ့ အေမရိကန္တို႔ ၾသစေၾတယ်တို႔ေျပာင္းသြား တတ္က်ပါတယ္ ေလ.....
အဲ! အားလံုးထင္ေနက်တာက ႏိုင္ငံျခားကလူေတြကိုယူရင္ ႏိုင္ငံျခားမွာ တသက္လံုးအလုပ္ လုပ္ရမွာကို မသိက်လို႔ပါ! ဒီမွာက တဦးထဲအလုပ္ႏွင့္ အဆင္မေျပႏုိင္ဖူးေလ! အမွန္တကယ္ အမိျမန္မာျပည္တြင္းက ေယာက်ာၤးႏွင့္ယူက်တာမွ သက္ေတာင့္သက္တာရွိၿပီး သူေဌးမ၊အိမ္ရွင္မခေလးထိန္းေတြလုပ္လို႔ရေသးတယ္၊ ဒီလိုႏိုင္ငံျခားေရာက္ရင္ အလုပ္တဖက္ ခေလးေတြတဖက္ႏွင့္ျပာမ်ား ေနရမဲ့ အျဖစ္ေတြပါ....
ေခတ္ေနာက္က်ေနေသာအမိျမန္မာျပည္ကေန ႏိုင္ငံျခားေရာက္ရွိလာတာကို ဆိုရွယ္က်တတ္လာက်ၿပီး ေခတ္ႏွင့္အညီအမွီလိုက္လာတတ္က်တာကေတာ့ living together ဆိုတဲ့ မိမိရည္းစားေတြ ႏွင့္ အတူေနတတ္တဲ့ အက်င့္ေလးေတြ ေခတ္စားလာက်တာကို သတိထားမိက်မွာပါ.....
 လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့၂-၃ႏွစ္တုန္းက ျမန္မာျပည္က အသိေရႊမမေလးတေယာက္က Gtalk မွာ ေျပာဖူးတယ္ စကာၤပူကိုလာ ခ်င္တယ္ Sponsor လုိခ်င္တယ္တဲ့! ဒါႏွင့္ေမးၾကည့္လိုက္ေတာ့ နင္ဒီကိုေရာက္ရင္ ဘယ္မွာ ဘယ္သူ ေတြႏွင့္ ဘယ္လိုေနမွာလဲလို႔ေမးလိုက္တာ ျပန္ေျဖတာကိုၾကားလိုက္ရတာကို မထင္ရက္စရာလန္႔ဖို႔ေကာင္းေနၿပီေလ? ဘယ္လိုေျဖတယ္လို႔ထင္လို႔လဲ! သူမေျဖတာက အတူတူေန မွာေပါ့တဲ့? (ဒီမွာ တေယာက္ထဲေနတာကိုသိလို႔ေလ) ဒါလိုၾကားလိုက္ရတာကိုက လန္႔သြားရပါတယ္၊ ဒီေလာက္ေတာင္ စကာၤပူလာခ်င္တဲ့ ေရာဂါေတြ  ေရႊမမေလးေတြမွာျဖစ္ေနက်ပါလားလို႔!
အခုရက္ပိုင္းမွာအသိလင္မယားလိုက္ေျဖရွင္းလိုက္ရတဲ့ ျဖစ္ခဲ့တဲ့ ျပႆနာေလးပါ....
အသိပညာတတ္ PR အင္ဂ်င္နီယာတေယာက္ အိမ္သူႀကီး လုပ္လို႔ S pass ႏွင့္ အလုပ္လုပ္ေနတဲ့ ေရႊမမေလး ပညာတတ္ တေယာက္ႏွင့္သူမရဲ႕ေမာင္ေလးတေယာက္ကို အခန္းအငွား တင္ထားလိုက္ပါ တယ္၊ အသိက မိန္းမေဆးရံုတက္ေနရလို႔ ႏွင့္ ခေေလးမိန္းခေလးတေယာက္ႏွင့္ ျပာယာခတ္ေနတာကို အခြင့္ေကာင္းယူၿပီး သူမရည္္းစားမေလးတရုတ္ေကာင္ေလးကို အိမ္ခန္းသြင္းၿပီး အိပ္ပါသတဲ့ဗ်ာ! ေရႊမမေလးက ေခၚအိပ္တာ ၃-၄လေလာက္ရွၿပီေနာ္! ! သူမရည္းစားလာခ်ိန္ သူမရဲ႕ေမာင္ေလးက ေရွာင္ေပးရပါတယ္တဲဲ့! ရံုးပိတ္ဆို ထမင္းဟင္းေလး ပါခ်က္ေကၽႊးၿပီး တေနကုန္ျပဳစုလိုက္ ပါေသးတယ္တဲဲ့! အဲ! ထမင္းတာခ်က္တာ မီးဖိုေခ်ာင္ ရႈပ္ဖြေနတာပါဘဲ တခါမွရွင္းလင္းတာမရွိပါဘူး! အိမ္ႀကီးရွင္ ေရႊေမာင္ေမာင္ကဘယ္ ေလာက္တုန္း သလဲမသိ! ျပႆနာျဖစ္ေတာ့မွ အရပ္ကတို႔ကူပါကယ္ပါတဲ့! အဲဒါကို သီးမခံႏိုင္လို႔ နင္ရည္းစားအိမ္ကို ေခၚမလာႏွင့္လို႔ ေကာင္ေကာင္းမြန္မြန္ ေျပာတာကို ျပန္ရန္ေတြ႕လို႔ အသိေတြလိုက္ရွင္းေပးရတာေလ!
သူမရည္းစားမေလးတရုတ္ေကာင္းေလးကိုေမာင္းခ်လိုက္ရတယ္ေလ! ဒါေတာင္ေကာင္ေလးကေျပာေသး တယ္ အိမ္လခကိုသူေပးတာတဲ့! ေနာက္မွာသိရတာ အဲဒီေရႊမမေလးက သူမရည္းစားဆီကေန အိမ္ငွားခႏွင့္ ထမင္းဖိုးေတြယူၿပီး ေထာက္ပံ့ခိုင္းထားတာကိုး! ဒါလဲ ျပႆနာတက္ေတာ့မွေပၚလာတာကိုး! ဇယာေလးေတြ!
ေနခင္းအလုပ္သြားက် ညဖက္မွ ျပန္အိပ္က်တာကိုး! ေရႊမမေလးေတြအခ်င္းခ်င္းမတည့္က်ေတာ့ ဆန္႔က်င္ ဖက္လိင္ႏွင့္ေနရတာ ပိုအဆင္ေျပပါတယ္လို႔ေျပာပါတယ္၊ ဆာလို႔ခ်က္စားက်ရင္လဲစိတ္တူကိုယ္တူ အေဖာ္အကူေတာင္ရေသးတယ္လို႔ေျပာပါတယ္....
ေနာက္ၿပီး ဒီမွာေခတ္စားေနတာက ဒီလိုဘဲ အခန္းအတူငွားလို႔အတူေနၿပီးမွ တခ်ိဳ႕ဆိုယူျဖစ္သြားတာလဲ ရွိပါတယ္၊ ကြဲသြားက်တာလဲ အမ်ားႀကီးပါဘဲ! ဘယ္အိမ္သူႀကီးကမွလင္မယားအစစ္ ဟုတ္မဟုတ္ မစစ္ေဆးတတ္က်ပါဘူးေလ! ဒီမွာေရႊသမီးရည္းစားခ်စ္သူေတြလဲစိတ္တူကိုယ္သူအတူေနတတ္လာေ လာက်ကို သတိထားမိပါလိမ့္မယ္၊  အခု၂၀ရာစုေနာက္ပိုင္းမွာ ေတာ္ေတာ္ကို  ဒီလိုမ်ိဳးဇာတ္လမ္းေလး ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ လဲေခတ္စားလာပါေတာ့တယ္ ၊ ဘာမျပႆနာမတက္ရင္ေတာ့ေကာင္းတာေပါ့ေနာ္! လူလႊတ္ကင္း ရွင္းေန ရင္ ျပႆနာမရွိေပမဲ့ အဲ!ေနာက္ဆက္တြဲဇာတ္လမ္းမိသားစုေတြႏွင့္ဆိုရင္ ဇာတ္လမ္းေလးေတြမေကာင္း ပါဘူး! တႏိုင္ငံဆီကြဲကြာေနက်ေတာ့ မထိန္းသိမ္းႏိုင္ကပါဘူး! ျမန္မာကလူေတြမသိဘူးဆိုၿပီးရႈပ္က်တာပါ၊ ကြဲသြားေတာ့လဲ ျပန္ၿပီး အပ်ိဳလူပ်ိဳေတြျပန္လုပ္ေနက်တာေပါ့ေလလို႔ အသိေတြထဲကေျပာဖူးတယ္!ဒါေတြကလဲ ဒီကေရႊအတိုင္း အ၀ိုင္းႏွင့္နီးစပ္သူေတြဆီမွာ ၾကားေနရတာအမ်ားႀကီးပါဘဲ! ေဆာင္းပါးေလးေတြ ဖတ္ၾကည့္လိုက္ပါအံုး!

လိင္ ဆက္ဆံ မႈ ဦးစား ေပး ခ်စ္စခန္း ဖြင့္ မႈ ထြန္းကားလာ-

စကာၤပူမိန္းခေလးငယ္ေတြ  အလြန္လိုက္စားလာတဲ့ အေပ်ာ္အခ်စ္ဇာတ္လမ္းတြဲေလးမ်ား

ဒါေပမဲ့ ဒီမွာက မေလးမႏွင့္ေတာ့မယူရဲက်ပါဘူး ယူရင္သူမရဲ႕ဘာသာေျပာင္းမွ ယူလို႔ရတာကိုး!
ဟီးဟီး! ဒါေတာ့ ေရႊကိုကိုေတြကေၾကာက္တယ္ဗ်ာ! အသိထဲက်ဇာတ္လမ္းေလးျဖစ္ဖူးလို႔ပါ....
ေနာက္ၿပီး EasrCoast Beach မွာ ယာယီရြက္ဖင္တဲထိုးၿပီး အေပ်ာ္ဇာတ္လမ္းေလးေတြကို ဟိုတယ္သြာစရာမလိုဘဲ ေပ်ာ္ပါးလိုက္ေရကူးလိုက္ႏွင့္ အတြဲေလးေတြ အေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားသြားက် တတ္ပါတယ္၊ ရံုးပိတ္ရက္ေတြမွာကို စည္ကားေနတာကိုေတြ႕ရပါလိမ့္မယ္!
ယာယီရြက္ဖင္တဲေကာင္းေကာင္းေလးႏွင့္ေလေမႊယာေလးက၀ယ္ရင္ $200ေလာက္ေတာင္မကုန္ကေတာ့ တည္းခိုခန္း ထက္ပိုအဆင္ေျပေတာ့ အတြဲေတြအေတာ္အမ်ားမ်ား (ဖားႏွင့္ကုလားေတြ)ေတြ႔ရတတ္ ပါတယ္၊ ေဘးမွာေရခ်ိဳးခန္းအိမ္သာေတြရွိေတာ့ အဆင္ေျပတာေပါ့ေနာ္!
ေနာက္ေရႊမမေလးေတြႏိုင္ငံျခားေရာက္ရင္ အခ်ိဳးေျပာင္းသြားတတ္တယ္တဲ့.....
ဒီကိုေရာက္လာတဲ့ ေရႊမမေလးေတြက အမိျမန္မာျပည္မွာဘယ္လိုေနက်လဲေတာ့မသိပါဘူး! ေနခဲ့တဲ့ အသိုင္းအ၀ိုင္းေၾကာင့္လားမသိဘူး ၀မရွိဘဲ၀ိလုပ္ခ်င္က်တယ္ေလ! ဘယ္ေလာက္ဘဲ ဟန္ေဆာင္ ဟန္ေဆာင္ ေနလို႔မရပါဘူးအခိ်န္တန္ရင္မူရင္းအက်င့္စရုိတ္ေတြ ေပၚလာတာပါဘဲ!  ဒီကိုေရာက္လာၿပီး မၾကာပါဘူး  ေရႊကိုကိုေလးေတြထက္ ေရႊမမေလးေတြက ပိုၿပီးေသြးနထင္ ေရာက္ရွိလာက်ၿပီး ပိုမိုက္ရိုင္း လာတတ္က်ပါတယ္၊ ဘာေၾကာင့္မွန္းမသိပါဘူး ေရႊမမေလး၊မမႀကီးေတြအခ်င္းခ်င္း မတည့္က်၊ ပိုယွဥ္ၿပိဳင္
မနာလိုက်တာကိုပိုေတြ႕ပါတယ္၊ အလုပ္ရံုထဲမလဲ ေရႊမမႀကီး၃-၄ေယာက္အခ်င္းခ်င္း စကားနာထိုးေန က်တယ္၊ ၾကားမွာေနတာ ပိုေနရထက္တတ္ပါတယ္ေလ၊ အခုလဲ ေရႊမမေလး၊မမႀကီးေတြမွာေတြ႔ရတတ္တဲ့ အက်င့္ဆိုးေလးေတြပါ... ဒါေတြေၾကာင့္ ဆန္႔က်င္ဖက္လိင္ေတြႏွင့္ အတူေနရတာပိုအဆင္ေျပက်ပါတယ္ တဲ့ေလ...ဒါေၾကာင့္ကိုုး! တလြဲေတာ့မထင္လိုုက္က်ပါႏွင့္ေနာ္!

ေနာက္ဆက္တြဲဇာတ္လမ္းေတြကေတာ့....
ေနာက္ အသိေရႊအိမ္ရွင္ေတြ ၂ဦးေလာက္မွာလဲ လက္ရွိျဖစ္ေနတဲ့ အိမ္ငွားေရႊမမေလးေတြရဲ႕ အခုလို မယူခင္ အတူေနထိိုင္တတ္ကတာကေတာ့ living together ေတြကို အတူအိမ္တအိမ္ထဲမွာ သမီးရည္းစားေလးေတြက တခန္းစီသတ္သတ္ မိမိအခန္းေဖာ္ခ်င္းေတြႏွင့္ေနေနရင္း ဇာတ္လမ္းေလး ေတြရႈပ္ေနတတ္က်တာကို ေရႊအိမ္ရွင္ေတြ ဘာမွမေျပာက်ပါဘူးေလ! ဒီအတိုင္းၾကည့္ေနတတ္က်တာက တေၾကာင္းေပါ့! ေနာက္ေတာ့ အတူယူျဖစ္သြားက်ၿပီးေတာ့ ပိုဆိုးတာက တခန္းလံုးကိုလိုခ်င္ေတာ့ မိမိရဲ႕အခန္းေဖာ္ေတြကို အိမ္ရွင္ကိုေျပာခို္္င္းၿပီး ႏွင္ထုတ္ခိုင္းပါသတဲ့ဗ်ာ! ဒါလဲ တအိမ္ထဲမဟုတ္ပါဘူး ႏွစ္အိမ္သံုးအိမ္ေလာက္က အိမ္ရွင္ေတြေျပာျပလို႔သိရတာပါ၊ ေတာ္ေသးတေပါ့ယူျဖစ္သြားကိရႈ္ မယူးျဖစ္ဘဲ ကြဲသြားတဲ့ သူငယ္ခ်င္းေတြလဲ ရွိပါေသးတယ္! အခန္းျပန္အပ္လိုက္က်ၿပီး တျခားေနရာစီမွာ သြားေနက်ပါတယ္၊အဲဒီလိုေျပာခိုင္းတတ္တာကလဲ ေရႊမမေလးေတြဘဲ ျဖစ္ေနပါသတဲ့ဗ်ာ! ဘာလို႔မ်ား ေရႊမမေလးေတြ ဒီလိုစိတ္ထားေသးသိ္မ္တာေတြရွိေနက်လဲမသိက်ပါဘူး! ႏွင္ထုတ္ခံရတဲ့အျဖစ္က ဘယ္ေလာက္ခံျပင္းဖို႔ေကာင္းလဲ! ခံဖူးတဲ့သူေတြမွသိပါလိမ့္မယ္! ဆိုလိုတာက မိမိတို႔ရဲ႕ေရႊေတြ ရဲ႕အက်င့္ဆိုးေလးေတြကေတာ့ အခ်င္းခ်င္းမွာပိုၿပီးစည္းလံုးက်ရမဲ့အစား တျခားႏိုင္ငံျခားကလူေတြထက္ ေသြးခြဲတတ္က်တဲ့ အမႈအက်င့္ ေတြ၊ ျပိဳင္ဆိုင္မႈေတြ ႏွင့္ မနာလိုမႈေတြကို  ပိုရွိေနတတ္က်တာကို သတိထားမိလို႔ပါဘဲ! အတုခိုးနည္းပညာယူတတ္ဖို႔ႏွင့္ယွဥ္ၿပိဳင္တတ္က်ဖို႔ ဘာလို႔မ်ားမရွိတတ္က်တာလဲ မသိပါဘူး! ေခတ္ပ်က္စနစ္ဆိုးေတြမွာ ပညာသင္ခဲ့ရလို႔လား မသိပါဘူး! အားလံုးအက်င့္ဆိုးေလးေတြ အက်င့္စရိုတ္ဓာတ္ေတြ ႏွင့္ ပ်က္စီးကုန္တာမ်ားေနက်လို႔ပါဘဲ! ဟူး!
 
အခုမွေရာက္တာမၾကာေသးတဲ့ အသိသူငယ္ခ်င္းေကာင္းေလးတေယာက္က ျငီးျပတယ္ေလ.....
သူေရာက္တာ၂ႏွစ္ထဲမွာအိမ္ေျပာင္းတာ၅ခုေျမွာက္ရွိၿပီတဲ့!အသိေတြထဲကလက္ရွိအိမ္ပိုင္ရွင္ေတြကေတာင္ ဒီေလာက္ကက်ည္ကေခ်ာင္မမ်ားက်ဘဲႏွင့္ ဒီကိုေရာက္လာက်ၿပီး ေရႊသူအိမ္ႀကီးျဖစ္သြားတဲ့(အိမ္ကိုဦးစီးကိုယ္တိုင္ အိမ္ငွားသူ) ေရႊမမေလးေတြ ဘယ္လိုကေန ဘယ္လိုျဖစ္ၿပီး ေအာက္ေခ်လြတ္သြား က်လဲမသိပါဘူးတဲ့!  မိမိအိမ္ငွားေတြႏွင့္ ျပႆနာေတြ ေတာက္ေလွ်ာက္ဆိုသလိုတက္က်ၿပီး စိတ္ေသြး နထင္ ေရာက္ရွိလာတတ္က်တာကို သတိထားမိလာပါတယ္တဲ့၊ (ဒါေတာင္အိမ္ပိုင္ မဟုတ္ေသးဘူးေနာ္) အရင္အိမ္ငွားဘ၀တုန္းကႏွင့္ မတူတာကိုေတြ႔ရတတ္ပါတယ္၊ ဘာေၾကာင့္လဲ မသိပါဘူး? (အိမ္ငွားဘသ၀မွာအႏွိမ့္ခံရဖူးလို႔လားမသိပါဘူးတဲ့)လို႔ေျပာျပပါတယ္ေလ! ေရႊေတြအိမ္ကခ်က္စားလို႔ရက်လို႔ သူမ်ားေတြ ထက္ေစ်းႀကီးေပးေနက်တာပါတဲ့၊(အိမ္ပိုင္ရွင္ေရႊေတြေစ်းေပါတဲ့အိမ္ေတြလဲ အနည္းငယ္ေလာက္ေတာ့ရွိပါ တယ္) ဒီလိုစီးပိုးတာေတြေၾကာင့္ မၾကာခဏဘဲအိမ္ေျပာင္းျဖစ္သြားတာတဲ့ေလ....အင္း! ေရႊလူငယ္ေတြႏွင့္ အေတာ္ကို အဆင္မေျပႏိုင္က်တဲ့ အိမ္သူႀကီးေရႊမမေလးေတြပါဘဲတဲ့! အဲ! ေရႊလူငယ္ေတြလဲ ဘာမွ အလိုက္မသိတတ္က်ေတာ့ ဘာမွကူၿပီး အိမ္သန္႔ရွင္းေတြ ဘာတခုမွလုပ္မကူက်ပါဘူးေလတဲ့! အထူးသျဖင့္ မိမိသံုးေနတဲ့ ေရခ်ိဳးခန္းႏွင့္အိမ္သာသန္႔ရွင္းေရးႏွင့္ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ပိုဆိုးတတ္ပါတယ္ေလ၊ ျမန္မာျပည္မွာလဲ လုပ္ေလ့လုပ္တတ္တဲ့အက်င့္မရွိတတ္က်တာေၾကာင့္လဲပါက်မွာေပါ့ေလ၊ ဒါေတြကလဲ မိမိအိမ္မဟုတ္က်တဲ့ အျပင္ေဆာင္ေတြေနဖူးက်တဲ့သူေတြေလာက္ဘဲ ေနထို္င္တတ္က်တတ္ပါတယ္၊ ဒီလိုလူငယ္ေတြကလဲ ႏိုင္ငံျခားက လူေနမႈစနစ္ေတြႏွင့္ အသားမက်ႏုိင္ဖူးျဖစ္ေနတတ္ပါတယ္၊ အစအဆံုးမိမိကိုယ္တိုင္လုပ္ေနရတာကို သေဘာမက်တတ္က်ပါဘူး! ျမန္မာျပည္လိုကူေဖာ္ကူဖက္လိုခ်င္  တယ္၊မိမိက ျမန္မာျပည္မွာဘယ္အလႊာဘယ္အဆင့္က ဘယ္လိုေနထို္င္လာက်သလဲဆိုတာ မသိေတာ့ ပါဘူး! ဗီဒီယိုဇာတ္လမ္းထဲကလို ေရႊမင္သားေရႊမင္းသမီးေလးလိုေနခ်င္က်ပါတယ္၊ ဒါေတြေၾကာင့္လဲ ဘယ္ေရႊအိမ္ရွင္ေတြႏွင့္ မတည့္တတ္က်ပါဘူး! ဒီလိုလူေတြက ႏိုင္ငံျခားသားစကာၤပူေတြႏွင့္ေနဖူးတဲ့သူ ေတြမွ သိက်ပါလိမ့္မယ္! ဘာေတြြကြာျခားလဲဆိုတာ! အဲ! ဒါေတြက ႏိုင္ငံျခားရဲ႕ Life Style ေတြပါဘဲ!
ေက်းဇူးပါဘဲ! တိုင္ဆိုင္မႈရွိတဲ့လူေတြကိုေတာ့ အႏူးညႊန္႔ေတာင္းပန္ပါတယ္ ၊ အခုလို ဒီလိုႏိုင္ငံျခားမွာ လက္ရွိျဖစ္ပ်က္ေနတဲ့ ျဖစ္ရပ္မွန္ေတြကို အားလံုးသိေစခ်င္လို႔ေရးသားထားတာပါ....ဘယ္သူကိုမွ မထိခိုက္ေစခ်င္ပါဘူး...... ႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာေနာက္ေနက်ေနတဲ့ အမိျမန္မာေတြကိုဒီကေရစီေခတ္ ေျပာင္း ေတြမွာ ကမာၻကိုေနာက္ေကာက္မက်ေစခ်င္ပါဘူး ! ေဒၚစုေျပာသလို  ကမၻာႏွင့္အညီ နိမ့္က်ေနတဲ့ လူအဆင့္အတန္းေတြ ႏွင့္ အက်င့္ဆိုးေတြကို မ္ိမိကိုယ္တိုင္ႀကိဳးစားျပင္မွ အားလံုးကလိုက္ျပင္က်မွာပါလို႔ေျပာခ်င္ပါတယ္....


 

အြန္လိုင္းက ပညာဒါနသင္တန္းေလးမ်ား!

အြန္လိုင္းဘ႑ာေရးမိတ္ဆက္သင္တန္းေလးကိုစိတ္၀င္စားသူေတြတက္လို႔ရေအာင္ ခင္မမမ်ိဳးေဖ့ဖြတ္မွာ တင္ေပးထာတာကိုေတြ႕လို႔ မိမိစာဖတ္စာသူေတြကိုပညာယူေစခ်င္သိေစခ်င္လို႔ကူးယူတင္ေပးလိုက္တာ ပါ...စိတ္၀င္စားရင္သူမရဲ႕ေဖ့ဖြတ္မွာ https://m.facebook.com/#!/khinmama.myo__user=1000039 41173332 ကိုေမးပို႔ၿပီးေတာင္းဆိုလို႔ရပါတယ္..ဘာပညာေရးအဆင့္ေတြမွမလိုအပ္ပါဘူးလို႔လဲေျပာထား ေတာ့  စိတ္၀က္စားသူေတြအားလံုးတက္လို႔ရပါေၾကာင္းအသိေပးလိုက္ရပါတယ္...

University of Michigan မွ ဘ႑ာေရးပါေမာကၡ Gautam Kaul သင္ၾကားမယ့္ ဘ႑ာေရးမိတ္ဆက္သင္တန္းကို အြန္လိုင္းမွ တဆင့္တက္ေရာက္ရန္ စိတ္ပါ၀င္စားပါက အီးေမးလ္လိပ္စာမ်ား ေပးပို႕ေပးပါ။ သင္တန္းကာလမွာ ဆယ့္ငါးပတ္ၾကာျမင့္ျပီး၊ တပတ္ကို ရွစ္နာရီခန္႕ အခ်ိန္ေပးစာဖတ္ဖို႕ လိုအပ္ပါတယ္။ သင္တန္းတက္ေရာက္ျပီး၊ သက္ဆိုင္ရာ assignments မ်ား၊ စာေမးပြဲမ်ားကို အြန္လိုင္းမွ ေျဖဆိုရာမွာ ေအာင္ျမင္ပါက သင္တန္းနည္းျပမွ ထုတ္ေပးတဲ့ Statement of accomplishment ေအာင္လက္မွတ္ကို ရရွိမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဇြန္လ (၃) ရက္ေန႕မွာ သင္တန္းစတင္မွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

https://www.coursera.org/#course/introfinance

Introduction to Finance

Gautam Kaul

This course will introduce you to frameworks and tools to measure value; both for corporate and personal assets. It will also help you in decision-making, again at both the corporate and personal levels.
Workload: 6-8 hours/week
Watch intro video

Sessions:
Oct 7th 2013 (15 weeks long)You are enrolled!
Jun 3rd 2013 (15 weeks long)You are enrolled!
Future sessions

About the Course

This course is primarily devoted to the fundamental principles of valuation. We will learn and apply the concepts of time value of money and risk to understand the major determinants of value creation. We will use both theory and real world examples to demonstrate how to value any asset.

Course Syllabus

See the detailed Syllabus. Please note that based on feedback we have received following our first offering of the course, we have decided to extend the duration to fifteen weeks for this, and all subsequent offerings.

Recommended Background

This is a tough issue. I do not believe in prerequisites, except for a sense of curiosity and an attitude. Having said that, exposure to economics (the mother discipline of finance), accounting (the language of business), and/or algebra and statistics (we all need it) will clearly help. I will however try and cover everything starting with fundamentals and will highlight when there is a need for you to do some further work in specific subjects. In fact, I hope the class will motivate you to learn more. I believe that learning usually happens when you are motivated by a curiosity to understand something.

Suggested Readings

For information on the suggested readings, please see the detailed syllabus.

Course Format

The class will consist of videos, broken up into bite-size pieces with their lengths varying based on the topic. Almost every video segment will have opportunities for you to assess your knowledge. You are strongly encouraged to take every opportunity to work on the problems/examples before you view my analysis. There will also be standalone assignments every week that are not part of videos, and a (not optional) final exam. Doing the assignments is the way you will learn the material.

FAQ

  • Will I get a certificate after completing this class?Yes. Students who successfully complete the class will receive a certificate signed by the instructor.
  • What resources will I need for this class?Please see detailed Syllabus and watch the recent video about the class.
  • What is the coolest thing I'll learn if I take this class?How finance is all about life.

About the Instructor


 
Johns Hopkins တကၠသိုလ္မွ သမားေတာ္နဲ႕ Senior Associate တဦးျဖစ္သူ Dr. Henry Perry သင္ၾကားမယ့္ Health for All Through Primary Health Care သင္တန္းကို အြန္လိုင္းမွ တဆင့္ တက္ေရာက္ရန္ စိတ္ပါ၀င္စားသူမ်ား အီးေမးလ္လိပ္စာမ်ား ေပးပို႕ေပးပါ။ သင္တန္းကာလမွာ ငါးပတ္ၾကာျပီး၊ တပတ္ကို ေလးနာရီခန္႕ အခ်ိန္ေပးစာဖတ္ဖို႕ လိုအပ္ပါတယ္။ သင္တန္းတက္ေရာက္ျပီး၊ သက္ဆိုင္ရာ assignments မ်ား၊ စာေမးပြဲမ်ားကို အြန္လိုင္းမွ ေျဖဆိုရာမွာ ေအာင္ျမင္ပါက သင္တန္းနည္းျပမွ ထုတ္ေပးတဲ့ Statement of accomplishment ေအာင္လက္မွတ္ကို ရရွိမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ေမလ (၂၉) ရက္ေန႕မွာ သင္တန္းစတင္မွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

တျခားသင္တန္းေတြလဲအမ်ားႀကီးရွိပါေသးတယ္..အလကားေတာ့ရမယ္မထင္ပါဘူးေနာ္....
အဂၤလိပ္၊တရုတ္၊ျပင္သစ္၊အီတလီ၊စပိန္ဘာသာစကားေတြႏွင့္သင္ယူလို႔ရပါေၾကာင္း..သင္ၾကားေပးတဲ႔ဘာသာေတြကေတာ့ အစံုပါဘဲ...
 
 

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