အသက္ငင္ေနတဲ့ တပိုင္တႏိုင္ လုပ္ငန္းငယ္ေတြ

ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႔ အိမ္ယာထဲမွာ တိုက္ခန္းငွားၿပီး ထမင္းဆိုင္ေလးေတြ ေကာ္ဖီဆိုင္ေလးေတြ လာလာဖြင့္တယ္၊တိုက္ခန္း ငွားတဲ့သက္တမ္းကုန္ရင္ ျပဳတ္တာပဲ။

တခ်ိဳ႕ဆိုင္ေလးေတြဆို လက္ရာလည္းမဆိုးဘူး ဆက္ဆံေရးေလးလည္းေကာင္းပါတယ္။

အၿမဲတမ္းဝယ္စားေနတဲ့ ကေလးေတြ ေမးျကည့္ေတာ့ တိုက္ခန္းနဲ႔ဆိုင္ေတြက ေစ်းေတာ့နည္းနည္းမ်ားတယ္တဲ့၊ေစ်းမ်ားတယ္ ဆိုေတာ့ ဘယ္သူက ေစ်းနည္းလဲဆိုေတာ့ တိုက္ခန္းမငွားဘဲ လြတ္ရာေနရာမွာ တြန္းလွည္းေလးေတြနဲ႔ လာေရာင္းတဲ့လူေတြက ေစ်း သက္သာတယ္တဲ့ ဟင္းစံုတယ္တဲ့ လမ္းေဘးဆိုင္ေပါ့၊သက္သာမွာေပါ့ သူတို႔ က rental fees မရွိေတာ့ ေစ်းခ်ိဳႏိုင္တယ္ ေရာင္းရေတာ့မ်ားမ်ားခ်က္ႏိုင္တာေပါ့။

စည္ပင္ ကအစ မီတာခ အဆံုး စီးပြာေရး လုပ္ငန္းေပးေဆာင္ခနဲ႔ မသြားရဘူးေလ။စားသာက္ဆိုင္ေတြကို အဓိကထားထားတဲ့ အခြန္ေကာက္ခံမႈ မွာလည္း  လမ္းေဘးဆိုင္ေတြက ပန္းပန္ လ်က္ပဲ။

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အၿပိဳင္အဆိုင္မ်ားတဲ့ စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္းေတြမွာ rule & regulation နဲ႔ဘယ္လို fair play ျဖစ္ေအာင္ ထိန္းေပးမလဲ က သိပ္လိုအပ္ပါတယ္။ 

လမ္းေဘးဆိုင္နဲ႔ တိုက္ခန္းငွား စည္ပင္လိုင္စင္လုပ္ လုပ္ငန္းခြန္ေပး စည္းနဲ႔ကမ္းနဲ႔ ဖြင့္တယ္ဆိုင္ ကုန္က်စရိတ္မွာ ဘယ္လိုမွ ယွဥ္လို႔ မရပါဘူး။

လမ္းေဘးမွာ ေစ်းေရာင္းခြင့္ရွိမယ္ဆိုရင္လည္း  (မေရာင္းရဘူး လိုက္ဖမ္းေနတာ မေအာင္ျမင္မယ့္ အတူတူ )

ဘယ္လိုစည္းကမ္းမ်ိဳးလိုက္နာသင့္လဲ ? 

FDA စည္းကမ္း 

အခြန္ စည္းကမ္း 

Penalty ႏႈန္းထား

စတာေတြ သတ္မွတ္ေပး သင့္တယ္။ ဒါဆိုတရားဝင္ျဖစ္သြားမယ္ဆိုၿပီးစိုးရိမ္ေနမယ့္ အစား စည္းကမ္းေလးနဲ႔ သြားဖို႔ ဦးစားေပးသင့္တယ္ လို႔ပဲ ထင္တယ္။

ဒီလိုမွ မလုပ္ႏိုင္ဘူးဆိုရင္ေတာ့ စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ခ်င္တဲ့လူေတြကို လမ္းေဘးဆိုင္ ရွိတဲ့ product မ်ိဳး ဆိုရင္ လမ္းေဘးဆိုင္ပဲ ဖြင့္ပါ အၾကံေပးရေတာ့မယ္။

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Rules & regulation ေတြက နယ္ပယ္တိုင္းမွာ ေလ်ာ့ရဲရဲ ဆိုေတာ့ စီးပြားေရး လုပ္တဲ့လူေတြကလည္း ဒီကိစၥကိုသိပ္ အေလးအနက္ မထားၾကေတာ့တာ မ်ိဳးျဖစ္လာၿပီ။

ဒါဟာေကာင္းတဲ့ လကၡဏာေတာ့ မဟုတ္ဘူး အခု တစ္ခါ tour agency တစ္ခုက လိမ္သြားျပန္ၿပီ။

ပရိသတ္သည္းေျခႀကိဳက္ ေစ်းေတြေလ်ာ့ေရာင္းတယ္  မိမိရေနတဲ့ အျမတ္က ကိုယ့္လုပ္ငန္းရပ္တည္ဖို႔ မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေတာ့ လိမ္ေျပးတယ္။

ေစ်းေတြ ေလ်ာ့ေရာင္းတယ္ တစ္ခုခု ျပသနာတက္ခဲ့ရင္ ဘာမွ တာဝန္ခံ မေပးႏိုင္ၾကေတာ့ဘူး။

ခရီးသည္ေတြ တစ္ေယာက္ တစ္သိန္းစီ ထပ္ေပးလို႔ ေျပလည္သြားတယ္ ဆိုေပမယ့္ ခရီးသည္အတြက္ ကာကြယ္မွဳ ဘယ္မွာလဲ?

ဒီအတြက္  ျပည္သူ(စားသုံးသူ)ကိုအကာအကြယ္ေပးႏိုင္မယ့္ rules & regulation လိုတယ္။

မလိုလားအပ္တဲ့ ေနရာေတြမွာ ခက္ခဲၿပီး တကယ္တင္းႀကပ္ရမယ့္ ေနရာေတြမွာ လြယ္ကူ ေနတာမ်ိဳး ဥပမာ အခြန္ကိစၥ ၊ အခြန္ေဆာင္ေနတဲ့ လူေတြအတြက္ တြန္းအားပဲရွိတယ္ appreciation မရွိဘူး၊ ကားကို အခြန္နဲ႔ ဝယ္စီးရင္ ေနာက္ကားဝယ္စီးရင္ အခြန္လြတ္ တယ္ အဲ့ဒီ အခြန္ေဆာင္ထားတဲ့ပမာဏ ကိုတျခားေနရာမွာ သံုးမရတာမ်ိဳး တကယ့္လက္ေတြ႕မွာ အံဝင္မယ့္ rules & regulation လိုမယ္။

အခုခ်ိန္ထိ စည္းနဲ႔ကမ္းနဲ႔ သြားတဲ့ လူက ပို ဒုကၡေရာက္ေနၾကတဲ့ rules & regulation ျဖစ္ေနေသးသလားလို႔?

Facebook မွာ page တစ္ခု ေဆာက္လိုက္ရင္ ပစၥည္းေရာင္းလို႔ ရၿပီလမ္းေဘးမွာ ၃ေသာင္းတန္ လွည္းေလးရွိရင္ ေစ်းေရာင္းလို႔ ရၿပီ ဆိုတာ  တဆိတ္သိပ္ လြယ္ လြန္းေနလားလို႔ဘာလို႔ လုပ္ငန္းလိုင္စင္ လုပ္မွာလဲ ? ဘာလို႔ ကုမၼဏီ ေထာင္မွာလဲ ေအးေဆးေပါ့!

စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္းေတြတိုးတက္မွ တိုင္းျပည္စီးပြားေရးတိုးတက္မယ္။ 

စီးပြားေရး လုပ္ငန္းေတြတိုးတက္ဖို႔ အတြက္ သာမႈ နာမႈ ကို တန္ႏိုင္ သမွ် ေျဖေလ်ာ့ (fair play) နိင္တဲ့ . စည္းမ်ဥ္းဥပေဒ ေတြစားသုံးသူကို အကာအကြယ္ ေပးနိုင္မယ့္ စည္းမ်ဥ္းဥပေဒ ေတြနည္းမွန္ လမ္းမွန္ လုပ္သူကို ခ်ီးက်ဴး ဂုဏ္ျပဳရာေရာက္ျပီး နည္းမမွန္ လမ္းမွန္ သမားေတြ အတြက္ ျပင္းရွတဲ့ စည္းမ်ဥ္းဥပေဒေတြ  ေရးဆြဲ (rules & regulation ေတြေပါ့) အသံုးခ်ေပးဖို႔ အျမန္ဆံုးလိုအပ္တယ္။

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ဒါေတြ မရွိသ၍ အမွန္အကန္ စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ခ်င္တဲ့သူေတြေကာ စားသုံးသူေတြေကာ တိုင္ပတ္ေနဦးမွာပါပဲ!

How Consumer Protection Laws Affect Businesses 

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BY MARIANNE BONNER

Updated January 09, 2019

Businesses must comply with a myriad of federal and state consumer protection laws. These laws are designed to protect consumers from unfair, deceptive or fraudulent practices by businesses. Businesses that violate consumer protection laws may be subject to lawsuits, financial penalties, and negative publicity. Thus, business owners must understand which laws apply to their company and which agencies enforce them.

Federal Consumer Protection Laws 

Many federal consumer protection laws were created to promote fair trade or product safety. Federal fair trade laws are enforced by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Federal product safety laws are enforced by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).

Fair Trade Laws

The Federal Trade Commission's mission is to promote competition and protect consumers from unfair, deceptive or fraudulent practices in the marketplace. The FTC develops policy, conducts investigations, and sues companies that violate the law.

Federal law prohibits the use of advertising that is untruthful or misleading to consumers. Here are some examples of acts by businesses that violate federal trade laws.

• A furniture manufacturer claims that all of its products are "made in America ." Actually, the company performs no manufacturing or assembly in the U.S. as all of its products are made in China.
• A company sells online courses, promising that students who complete its program will receive an "official" high school diploma. The diploma is worthless as it does not meet the requirements of any state. 
• A manufacturer of dietary supplements advertises a weight loss product, stating that the product has been proven effective by rigorous testing. In reality, the product has never been tested.

If the FTC receives a complaint that a company has violated a trade law, it will conduct an investigation. If it determines a law has been broken, it may issue a consent order asking the company to voluntarily stop the unlawful behavior. If the company refuses, the FTC may request a formal proceeding before an administrative law judge. If a judge agrees with the FTC that a law has been broken, he or she may issue a cease and desist order. A business that violates an FTC order may be subject to a penalty or served with an injunction.

Product Safety Laws

Businesses that manufacture products sold to the public must follow rules and regulations created by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). The CPSC establishes product safety requirements, issues product recalls, assesses the safety of products, and bans products it deems hazardous. The agency regulates all consumer products except guns, drugs, and certain other items that are regulated by another agency.

If the CPSC determines that a particular product poses a danger to the public, it may issue an enforcement action. The product manufacturer will be required to notify the public of the danger and withdraw the product from the market. It may also be subject to a penalty.

CPSC safety requirements can be confusing to small business owners. Thus, the agency has created a Small Business Ombudsman to help small companies understand which safety regulations apply to them.

State Consumer Protection Laws 

Virtually all states have enacted laws that prohibit unfair and deceptive practices by businesses against consumers. These laws are often referred to as UDAP laws and are enforced by state attorneys general. An example of a UDAP law is an Unfair Claims Settlement Practices Act, which protects insurance buyers from unjust behavior by insurersin the claim settlement process.

Many UPAD laws allow consumers to sue a business if they have purchased, leased or rented goods or services from that business and been injured due to an unfair or deceptive practice. Claimants may sue the business for compensatory damages and attorneys fees. A state-by-state summary of UDAP laws is available at the National Consumer Law Center's website.

Examples of Acts That Violate UDAP Acts

Here are examples of acts committed by businesses that may violate state UDAP acts.

• A used car dealership tells a customer that a vehicle on its lot has never been in an accident and is in pristine condition. In reality, the auto is a salvage vehicle with a rusted frame.
• A contractor provides a homeowner his contractor's license number and policy information for his general liability and workers compensation insurance. All of the numbers are fake as the contractor has neither a license nor insurance.
• An employee of a computer repair business tells a customer that all of the files on his laptop are infected with a virus. He convinces the customer to pay $150 for "super" anti-viral software. The computer repair employee knows that the customer's laptop does not have a virus.

Product Warranties 

Most businesses that make products offer a warranty to buyers. The warranty is essentially a promise. It explains what the manufacturer will do if the product is faulty. Warranties may be express (written or oral) or implied. Federal law governs written warranties while state laws govern implied warranties.

Written Warranties

Federal law does not require manufacturers to provide a written warranty. However, if manufacturers choose to offer one, the warranty must meet federal requirements. First, the scope of the warranty (full or limited) must be explained clearly. In addition, the warranty must be easy to understand and readily available at the time the product is purchased. Businesses may be sued by consumers for issuing false or misleading warranties or for failing to fulfill their obligations under a warranty.

Implied Warranties

When a manufacturer sells a product to a consumer, it generally provides two implied warranties:

• Merchantability. The manufacturer warrants that product is not defective and that it will do what it's supposed to do. For example, a hair dryer will blow hot air.
• Fitness For Particular Purpose. The manufacturer warrants that the product is fit for the particular purpose for which it was sold. For example, a customer buys a Model X vacuum cleaner because the seller assures her that it will suck up dog hair.

A manufacturer may be sued by a product buyer for breach of an implied warranty. Many states impose a relatively short (four-year) statute of limitations on lawsuits based on breach of a warranty (whether express or impl

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